End-to-end industrial water treatment companies covering process water, cooling, boiler feed, and wastewater across heavy-industry sites.

    Find a Industrial Water Treatment Provider

    Matched providers: 26

    Top countries: United Kingdom, Netherlands

    Popular technologies: Filtration, Flat Sheet UF Membranes

    Matching Industrial Water Treatment Scope to Process and Regulatory Requirements

    Industrial water treatment spans four distinct functions: process water production (ultrapure water for electronics, deionized water for manufacturing, softened water for steam generation), process water recycling and reuse, effluent treatment for discharge compliance, and zero liquid discharge for water-scarce or environmentally constrained sites. Each function has different technology requirements, capital intensity, and regulatory framework. Large industrial facilities often operate all four simultaneously as part of an integrated water management strategy.

    The water intensity of industrial processes varies enormously by sector. Semiconductor fabs require ultrapure water with resistivity above 18 MΩ·cm and particle counts below 10/mL, demanding multi-stage RO, electrodeionization (EDI), and UV TOC reduction. Power plant cooling systems treat millions of liters per day with cycles-of-concentration programs. Mining operations manage high-TDS, high-metals-content process water under complex permit conditions. A treatment provider's relevance is directly tied to their experience in your specific industrial vertical, not just their general water treatment capability.

    Industrial water treatment procurement increasingly involves digital monitoring and process integration requirements. SCADA integration, real-time effluent quality dashboards, and automated dosing control are now standard expectations for large process facilities. When evaluating providers, ask about their control system architecture, historian compatibility, and how their monitoring data integrates with your plant DCS. Providers who can deliver both the chemistry and the control infrastructure reduce the number of vendor interfaces your operations team must manage.

    Frequently Asked Questions

    How do I determine if I need a full water audit before specifying an industrial treatment system?

    A water audit is essential when your facility lacks current data on all water inputs, consumption points, losses, and discharge volumes. Without it, treatment system design is based on assumptions that often prove inaccurate and result in undersized or oversized equipment. A water audit maps mass and quality balances across all process streams, identifies the highest-value reuse opportunities, and provides the feedwater characterization data that technology providers need to produce accurate proposals rather than ballpark estimates.

    What is electrodeionization (EDI) and when does it replace mixed bed polishing in industrial plants?

    Electrodeionization uses ion exchange resin continuously regenerated by a low-voltage direct current to produce high-purity water (typically 10–18 MΩ·cm) without the chemical regeneration required by traditional mixed bed demineralizers. EDI is specified in electronics, pharmaceutical, and power applications where continuous production without acid/caustic regeneration interruptions is required, and where chemical handling and waste neutralization costs for mixed bed regeneration are significant. EDI requires RO pre-treatment producing feed water with TDS below 50 mg/L to operate reliably.

    What questions should I ask when evaluating industrial water treatment EPC contractors?

    Ask for the specific process design basis document they will use to size each treatment unit—not just the system P&ID. Confirm they will perform guaranteed performance testing at commissioning against defined effluent quality parameters with documented acceptance criteria. Ask who is responsible for operator training and how long the training period lasts. Clarify the warranty boundary between process performance (their responsibility) and feedwater quality variation (potentially yours), and negotiate a feedwater excursion protocol that defines acceptable variation.

    How do industrial water treatment costs compare between CAPEX-purchase and service-based models?

    Under a CAPEX-purchase model, the facility owns the equipment and bears all operating risk - chemical costs, maintenance, membrane replacement, and compliance risk. Under a water-as-a-service or BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer) model, the provider owns the equipment and delivers treated water at a fixed price per cubic metre over a contract term (typically 7 to 15 years). Water-as-a-service transfers technology risk and operating complexity to the provider but typically carries a 20 to 40% premium over the long-run CAPEX operating cost for facilities with strong internal operations capability.

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    Home/Directory/Treatment Technologies

    Industrial Water Treatment Companies

    End-to-end industrial water treatment companies covering process water, cooling, boiler feed, and wastewater across heavy-industry sites.

    7 specialist providers · 19 related · 9 countries

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    United Kingdom11
    Netherlands4
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    manufacturing9
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    Technology

    Filtration3
    Flat Sheet UF Membranes3
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    Showing 1-20 of 26

    Specialists in industrial water treatment

    Providers whose services or self-declared specialties match this category.

    Brine Consulting

    Verified

    Netherlands · 1-50 employees

    BRINE CONSULTING delivers senior-level strategy, technical design, and actionable insight across the full lifecycle of water-related challenges. We support clients with advisory and due diligence, advanced brine management and resource recovery, industrial and municipal water reuse, and MLD/ZLD systems. Our team also leads ESG and climate-resilience strategy, innovation scouting, and international development and PPP advisory. With deep specialization in desalination, brine valorization, circular economy models, and high-impact infrastructure, we help organizations turn water and waste streams into opportunities, providing clear thinking, rapid delivery, and solutions built for real-world results.

    Activated Carbon FiltrationReverse Osmosis (RO) SystemsUltrafiltration (UF) Systems

    Hainan Litree Water Purification Technology Industry Co., Ltd.

    Verified

    China · 200+ employees

    Litree: Pioneering Ultrafiltration for a Water-Secure World Founded in 1992, Litree has dedicated 30+ years to redefining water purification through ultrafiltration (UF) membrane technology—our core expertise and passion立升(Litree). As a global high-tech enterprise rooted in independent innovation, we’ve evolved from a membrane R&D startup to one of the world’s leading water problem solvers, with over 146 core patents and state-of-the-art manufacturing hubs in Haikou and Suzhou, China立升(Litree). Our signature hollow fiber UF membranes are engineered to deliver unmatched performance: 0.01μm precision removes 99.99% of bacteria, viruses, and contaminants while preserving essential minerals—striking the perfect balance between purity and health立升(Litree). This technology powers our diverse solutions, from residential whole-house systems to large-scale municipal projects and industrial wastewater treatment, all designed for sustainability and cost-efficiency. What truly sets us apart is our commitment to making safe water accessible. We’ve completed projects serving 50,000+ residents with centralized purification systems that cut construction costs and footprint by 50% compared to traditional setups—proof that advanced technology can also be affordable. Today, our solutions reach 60+ countries, supporting 3,000+ industrial clients and millions of households worldwide. At Litree, water isn’t just our business—it’s our mission. We believe every drop matters, and we’ll keep pushing boundaries to create a future where clean, safe water is a universal right, not a privilege

    Ultrafiltration (UF) SystemsMembrane Filtration TechnologiespH Adjustment and Neutralization

    Hangzhou Realize Technology Co., LTD.

    Verified

    China · 1-50 employees · 1 case study

    HANGZHOU REALIZE TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. is a technology enterprise. The company collaborates with domestic and international universities such as Beijing University of Technology, Tsinghua University, and Berlin University of Technology to address the challenges of enhancing anaerobic efficiency and nitrogen removal in high-ammonia nitrogen wastewater. The core technologies foucs on energy-saving denitrification and enhanced green methane production. These two technologies can increase production efficiency of green methane by 20% and reduce costs of wastewater denitrification by 60%.

    Process Water TreatmentWastewater TreatmentAdvanced Treatment Technologies

    Ecosystems International

    Verified

    Indonesia · 51-200 employees

    PT Ecosystems International (PT ESI) was established at Jakarta on 21st November 2006. We are an industrial effluent treatment systems integrator specializing in electrocoagulation (EC), a unique waste water treatment profile. PT ESI has capabilities in designing complete waste water treatment solutions by combining various effluent treatment systems such as the electro-coagulation, biological, chemical processes and membrane filtration, offering its customers a wide and comprehensive range of solutions, tailored to suit their various needs – ranging from basic effluent treatment for discharge to effluent recycling for water reuse. The Company is experienced in handling the design, engineering, procurement, construction and operation of new Effluent Treatment Plants (“ETP”) and possesses expertise in retrofitting existing ETP to increase the flow rate and treatment capability without any major infrastructure increase PT ESI is also a premier waste water treatment service company specializing in handling waste water generated from Exploration (Drilling) and Produced Water. Customers in Indonesia include major Oil & Gas companies such as Pertamina, Exxon, Chevron, Petro-China and Medco. Operations in Indonesia are provided by both mobile and fixed units. At drill sites where waste-water recycling is required, PT ESI supplement these treatment units with skid mounted mobile Reverse Osmosis systems. The technologies and solutions employed by PT ESI are developed in-house and examples of these are its proprietary Trident™ Electro Contaminant Removal (“ECR”) system, the Stage Contaminant Removal (“SCR”) process and Mobile On-Site Waste-Water Treatment (“OWT”) units

    Reverse Osmosis (RO) SystemsUltrafiltration (UF) SystemsMulti-media Filtration (MMF) Systems

    Sidonwater S.L.

    Verified

    Spain · 1-50 employees · 5 case studies · 3 datasheets

    Sidon Water is a water technology company specialised in non-chemical water treatment and system optimisation. We develop and deploy advanced solutions that prevent and remove limescale, reduce fouling and corrosion, and improve the performance of cooling towers, industrial water systems, and reverse osmosis and desalination installations. Sidon Water works with industrial clients, commercial building owners, OEMs and EPC partners to deliver measurable improvements in energy efficiency, operational reliability and asset lifetime. Our activities cover the full cycle from analysis and pilot projects to system integration, commissioning and long-term performance optimisation.

    Electrochemical TechnologiesProcess Water TreatmentWastewater Treatment

    Gi Aqua , Water as a Service

    Verified

    Saudi Arabia · 51-200 employees

    GI WAAS delivers cutting-edge water and wastewater solutions using advanced nanotechnology and zero total discharge solution sets industry standards. Our mission is to provide smart, sustainable, and decentralized treatment systems. We are committed to circular economy principles and reducing environmental impact. Our holistic approach provides comprehensive, tailor-made solutions that are designed to meet the specific needs of each client

    Water-as-a-Service (WaaS) ContractsPublic-Private Partnerships (PPPs)Technology Leasing and Rental Solutions

    Seven Seas Water Group

    United States

    Seven Seas Water Group is a fully integrated water and wastewater solutions provider specializing in Water-as-a-Service delivery. The company designs, builds, finances, and operates treatment facilities for municipal, commercial, and industrial clients globally. Their offerings address water scarcity through desalination and sustainable water reuse technologies.

    Water-as-a-Service (WaaS)Lease Plant ProgramWater treatment design and operations

    Related providers

    Listed for overlapping capabilities, not for industrial water treatment specifically.

    PNR ITALIA Srl

    Verified

    Italy · 51-200 employees · 19 case studies

    We produce a comprehensive range of spraying solutions, encompassing everything from small-scale nozzles to large industrial spraying systems. Our diverse product line includes various types of nozzles tailored to meet the specific requirements of every application and customer need. The company was established in Milan in November 1968, focusing on distributing parts and components for fire protection systems. Over time, we expanded our offerings to include a diverse range of industrial sprayers tailored to various applications. In addition to our distribution and manufacturing of fire protection system components and industrial sprayers, we specialize in designing and producing pneumatic spray nozzles for industrial use and tank washing nozzles. Our product line also encompasses a variety of complementary accessories essential for industrial washing, including filters, spray guns, and hoses. Furthermore, we offer ejectors, blower nozzles, swivel joints, and hose clamps to provide comprehensive solutions for our customers' needs. PNR Italia is part of the Tecomec Group and oversees four other affiliated companies to form PNR Company, a consolidated reality with a significant presence on the market.

    Microfiltration (MF) SystemsDisinfection TechnologiesDisinfection Chemicals
    SL

    Shandong LoyalMem Tech Co., Ltd.

    Verified

    China · 51-200 employees

    Shandong LoyalMem Tech Co., Ltd. manufactures reverse osmosis (RO), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and membrane bioreactor (MBR) membrane products, along with electrodeionization (EDI) modules, for industrial and municipal water-treatment applications. LoyalMem supplies membrane elements and modules for water-treatment equipment manufacturers, engineering companies and project buyers.

    Reverse OsmosisUltrafiltrationNanofiltration

    ByoSis

    Netherlands · 51-200 employees

    ByoSis is a producer of biological and physicochemical wastewater treatment plants. These industrial treatment plants are designed, manufactured, supplied, and maintained by ByoSis. Our clients are companies with wastewater streams that are too contaminated for discharge.

    FiltrationScreeningIon Exchange

    DALI - Pipeline Monitoring

    Belgium · 1-50 employees

    DALI - Pipeline Monitoring specializes in advanced real-time leak and intrusion detection for pipelines using Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) and fiber optic technology. Their solutions help utility companies and industrial facilities minimize Non-Revenue Water (NRW) losses, reduce waste, and prevent costly incidents, ensuring efficient pipeline management.

    Online/Real-Time MonitoringRemote Sensing and TelemetryIoT and Smart Monitoring

    Pollet Water Group

    Belgium · 200+ employees

    Over three decades, Pollet Water Group has been thinking water. It’s our mission to improve the quality of life, the comfort of doing business and the efficiency of industrial processes through a network of specialized water treatment companies.

    Reverse Osmosis (RO)Ultrafiltration (UF)Industrial WWTPs
    C

    ChemTreat

    United States

    ChemTreat is one of the largest industrial water treatment companies in the United States, headquartered in Richmond, Virginia. It designs custom chemical treatment programs for boiler water, cooling water, pretreatment, wastewater and water reuse, combining field technical support, laboratory services and digital monitoring to improve efficiency and protect equipment across many industries.

    Boiler water treatmentCooling water treatmentPretreatment and filtration

    Geonius

    Netherlands · 51-200 employees

    Geonius is a consultancy and engineering firm specializing in soil, water, and environment. Geonius conducts soil surveys, environmental supervision, and groundwater research for governmental bodies, construction companies, and industrial clients.

    Hydro International

    United Kingdom

    Hydro International, a CRH company,  provides advanced products, services and expertise to help municipal, industrial and construction customers to improve their water management processes, increase operational performance and reduce environmental impact. Hydro International can help water companies meet their AMP and environmental obligations, including the reduction of sewer overflows and the Water Industry National Environment Programme (WINEP). Hydro International provides total solutions for Inlet Works, Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs), Stormwater Management, Flood Warning and Prevention, and Water Resource management, from design to supply and installation through to ongoing preventative maintenance, servicing and emergency repair.  These solutions include: Hydrometric data collection, monitoring analysis and reporting for river level, reservoir, network and weather. Continuous water quality monitoring for compliance with Section 82 of the Environment Act. Water resource analysis and consultancy. Stormwater management solutions, including options for Sustainable Drainage Systems. (SuDS) and Smart Maintenance. CSO event duration monitoring. CSO and storm tank treatment and screening. Passive flow controls for flood prevention schemes, SuDS, CSOs and WwTWs. Inlet works screening and grit removal solutions. Sludge screening. Dropping sewage or water safely from height. Hire, repair and maintenance of inlet works screens and screenings handling equipment

    Evergreen Water Solutions

    United Kingdom

    A leading supplier of progressive wastewater treatment systems Evergreen Water Solutions works closely with a number of international engineering companies whose expertise are in scalable wastewater treatment systems and containerised wastewater treatment systems for municipal and industrial application. Evergreen Water Solutions offers a comprehensive engineering service. Our company incorporates initial design and planning, to implementation of projects that are delivered on time and on budget. Our expertise in wastewater treatment covers infrastructure development, package sewage treatment systems and advanced treatment technology for wastewater recycling with the strictest treatment requirements. The goal of Evergreen Water Solutions is to exceed the expectations of our clients, foster long-term relationships, and make a positive impact on the environment and industry standards. Evergreen Water Solutions use innovative products and suppliers to source, design and implement leading environmental water and wastewater treatment products and solutions. All new equipment and suppliers are required to undergo pre-qualification program and a series of acceptances and trials are applied prior to the approval of the vendor. Evergreen Water Solutions’ pre-qualification program guarantees you our clients that the products we source are of the highest standard within the industry, these products along with the expertise within Evergreen Water Solutions ensures that the solution we provide will meet and exceed any expectation you might have.

    Eliquo Water & Energy

    Netherlands

    Eliquo Water & Energy develops, builds, and operates plants for water and sludge treatment. Eliquo possesses a broad technology portfolio and delivers solutions for water boards, drinking water companies, and industrial clients.

    Conventional Activated Sludge (CAS)Anaerobic Systems

    Aquability OPS Ltd

    United Kingdom

    Aquability OPS Ltd was established in 2015 and is a leading technical consultancy providing optimised process solutions in the wastewater treatment industry. We are trusted partners of water companies, contractors and consultants and a member of British Water - the trade body representing the supply chain to government and the water companies. Director, Nicola Henderson is a chartered Chemical Engineer with over 27 years experience in the water industry and is one of the UK’s leading SBR experts. She is well known in the industry and previous tenures include Director of British Water and Chairman of British Water’s Technical Forum and Municipal Group. After graduating from Bath University in 1990 with a degree in Chemical & Bio Process Engineering, Nicola started her career in wastewater treatment at British Steel, responsible for the operation of their water and wastewater treatment systems. She then spent 24 years working in the design and build arena where she gained widespread experience in the water industry across a number of fields. Aquability OPS draw on Nicola’s extensive experience to offer technical expertise and bid support in both municipal and industrial wastewater treatment. We combine a mix of technical knowledge and practical application, providing comprehensive, tailored services across four areas to provide: Process expertise to solve our clients’ wastewater treatment challenges. Leading SBR expertise to ensure your SBR plant is a success. Commissioning and operational support for effective commissioning and trouble free operation. Bid support to develop innovative cost effective solutions, focused and persuasive bid writing and creative, engaging presentations. Our services help our customers to win work, build knowledge, reduce delivery and operating costs and avoid compliance issues. Our goal is to deliver successful outcomes for our Clients and develop trusting and long lasting relationships.

    Cadman Cranes Ltd

    United Kingdom

    Cadman Cranes is a leading provider of lifting solutions in the UK with over 50 years’ experience and a reputation for quality, reliability and safety. At the very forefront of sustainability within the industry, Cadman Cranes offer responsible and collaborative turn-key solutions across all industries. From depots in Colchester and Brentwood, Cadman is ideally positioned to cover the East of England and beyond, living and breathing its mission to provide safe lifting solutions to industry and communities in a collaborate, considerate and sustainable way. Cadman has always placed great importance on delivering so much more than just crane hire. Its values are focussed on the success of its clients, its people and its community, and it takes great pride in going the extra mile on every job, no matter how big or small. Cadman Cranes add value to your hard work and offer a full-service lifting solution that goes far beyond just crane hire. It doesn’t just look for customers, it looks for partnerships based on trust, quality and safety. Services include: Contract lift services: Our complete package service is ideal for those who require a fully managed lifting solution, removing your risk and liability, and ensuring that we deal with all of the ‘heavy lifting’. Crane hire services: Cadman Cranes is the leading crane rental company in the East of England, providing crane hire across London, Essex, East Anglia, and all over the UK. With cranes available 24/7, 365 days a year, we are well positioned to keep your operations moving. Tank clearance, dredging, and grab solutions: Cadman Cranes offers innovative tank clearance solutions with our custom-designed grab attachment. The remote-controlled grab, mounted to the hooks of our mobile cranes, can reach up to 60 meters and handle a variety of materials, including sewage waste, sludge, grit, mud, and sand. This service is ideal for wastewater treatment plants, sewage facilities, digester tanks, aeration tanks, ports, and any industrial sites that require regular tank cleaning, maintenance, or dredging. Specialist lifting equipment for utility installation projects: Utilising our range of specialist lifting equipment, we have assisted on some of the most complex utility installation projects throughout the East of England, solving problems currently unimaginable by other mobile crane hire companies. Our innovative Compact Crawler Cranes, in combination with our remote-controlled telescopic hydraulic grab, have proved invaluable in providing the highest level of service and crane hire to the utilities sector. If you would like to work with Cadman Cranes or are looking to add a safe and considerate crane hire solution to your list of approved suppliers, Cadman would love to hear from you.

    Technocover Ltd

    United Kingdom

    Technocover is an approved ISO 14001:2004 Environmental and ISO 9001:2008 Quality Accredited Company, dedicated to the Design, Manufacture, Installation and Maintenance of Physical Security Access Solutions for protection to all industrial sectors. Our extensive in-house design and manufacturing facilities are home to well established research and development unit and comprehensive testing facility. Our commercial offices incorporate our design team who utilise the latest computer aided design technology and work alongside our dedicated planning section who oversee everything from surveying, scheduling and contract reviews, to the management of framework agreements. We have been designing and manufacturing innovative steel products since 1993. In that time, through organic growth, planned expansion and acquisition, we have gained a reputation as the UK’s leading supplier of Physical Steel Security Access Products. We have a range of aperture security solutions for virtually every application, establishments in the UK and overseas have sought our expertise in providing security products for asset protection. We operate a Total Service Philosophy and can handle complete projects from site survey to final installation, whether for new or refurbishing projects, the adaptability of our galvanised steel access products means the most complex design criteria can be met. Our range of high quality access products offer custom built operational and security solutions to prevent unauthorised persons gaining access, securing key assets against all levels of trespass, malicious vandalism, theft, extortion, contamination or terrorism. Many of our access system products have been tested and approved by the Loss Prevention Certification Board (LPCB)  to LPS 1175 issue 5 or above, Security Rating Levels 2, 3, 4 or 5. Frameworks We hold both exclusive and shared framework agreements with most of the major UK water companies. Framework Security items include: LPCB Level 2 Universal Gas Cylinder Clamps LPCB Level 3 Mesh Cage Systems LPCB Level 3 Flush Access Covers LPCB Level 4 Upstand Access Covers LPCB Level 4 Padlockable Access Doors LPCB Level 4 Key Entry Doors LPCB Level 4 Enclosures/Kiosks/Cabinets LPCB Level 4 Walk-In Modular Buildings LPCB Level 4 Window Bar Sets LPCB Level 5 Louvres

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    Buyer's guide

    The buyer's guide to industrial water treatment

    OverviewFAQCase studyQuestions to askCost driversRegulations

    Matching Industrial Water Treatment Scope to Process and Regulatory Requirements

    Industrial water treatment spans four distinct functions: process water production (ultrapure water for electronics, deionized water for manufacturing, softened water for steam generation), process water recycling and reuse, effluent treatment for discharge compliance, and zero liquid discharge for water-scarce or environmentally constrained sites. Each function has different technology requirements, capital intensity, and regulatory framework. Large industrial facilities often operate all four simultaneously as part of an integrated water management strategy.

    The water intensity of industrial processes varies enormously by sector. Semiconductor fabs require ultrapure water with resistivity above 18 MΩ·cm and particle counts below 10/mL, demanding multi-stage RO, electrodeionization (EDI), and UV TOC reduction. Power plant cooling systems treat millions of liters per day with cycles-of-concentration programs. Mining operations manage high-TDS, high-metals-content process water under complex permit conditions. A treatment provider's relevance is directly tied to their experience in your specific industrial vertical, not just their general water treatment capability.

    Industrial water treatment procurement increasingly involves digital monitoring and process integration requirements. SCADA integration, real-time effluent quality dashboards, and automated dosing control are now standard expectations for large process facilities. When evaluating providers, ask about their control system architecture, historian compatibility, and how their monitoring data integrates with your plant DCS. Providers who can deliver both the chemistry and the control infrastructure reduce the number of vendor interfaces your operations team must manage.

    Post your industrial water treatment project

    Frequently asked questions

    How do I determine if I need a full water audit before specifying an industrial treatment system?

    A water audit is essential when your facility lacks current data on all water inputs, consumption points, losses, and discharge volumes. Without it, treatment system design is based on assumptions that often prove inaccurate and result in undersized or oversized equipment. A water audit maps mass and quality balances across all process streams, identifies the highest-value reuse opportunities, and provides the feedwater characterization data that technology providers need to produce accurate proposals rather than ballpark estimates.

    What is electrodeionization (EDI) and when does it replace mixed bed polishing in industrial plants?

    Electrodeionization uses ion exchange resin continuously regenerated by a low-voltage direct current to produce high-purity water (typically 10–18 MΩ·cm) without the chemical regeneration required by traditional mixed bed demineralizers. EDI is specified in electronics, pharmaceutical, and power applications where continuous production without acid/caustic regeneration interruptions is required, and where chemical handling and waste neutralization costs for mixed bed regeneration are significant. EDI requires RO pre-treatment producing feed water with TDS below 50 mg/L to operate reliably.

    What questions should I ask when evaluating industrial water treatment EPC contractors?

    Ask for the specific process design basis document they will use to size each treatment unit—not just the system P&ID. Confirm they will perform guaranteed performance testing at commissioning against defined effluent quality parameters with documented acceptance criteria. Ask who is responsible for operator training and how long the training period lasts. Clarify the warranty boundary between process performance (their responsibility) and feedwater quality variation (potentially yours), and negotiate a feedwater excursion protocol that defines acceptable variation.

    How do industrial water treatment costs compare between CAPEX-purchase and service-based models?

    Under a CAPEX-purchase model, the facility owns the equipment and bears all operating risk - chemical costs, maintenance, membrane replacement, and compliance risk. Under a water-as-a-service or BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer) model, the provider owns the equipment and delivers treated water at a fixed price per cubic metre over a contract term (typically 7 to 15 years). Water-as-a-service transfers technology risk and operating complexity to the provider but typically carries a 20 to 40% premium over the long-run CAPEX operating cost for facilities with strong internal operations capability.

    Case study · Chemical manufacturing plant, Teesside, UK

    Challenge
    A specialty chemicals manufacturer was discharging process wastewater with COD consistently above 800 mg/L against an EA permit limit of 125 mg/L, resulting in permit breach notices and escalating non-compliance fees. The existing treatment plant was undersized for the current production volumes and lacked pH control.
    Approach
    A full process review identified three batch discharge streams with highly variable COD loads that were overwhelming the biological treatment stage. An equalization tank with automated pH dosing was installed upstream of the biological unit, and a physicochemical pre-treatment stage using coagulation and dissolved air flotation was added to remove non-biodegradable COD fractions before the biological step.
    Outcome
    COD in treated effluent fell consistently below 80 mg/L, providing compliance headroom against the 125 mg/L permit limit. Permit notices were withdrawn following 6 months of compliant monitoring data. The equalization tank also reduced peak loading to the biological unit, extending the membrane life in the downstream MBR by an estimated 2 years.

    Questions to ask shortlisted providers

    5
    1. 01

      Can you provide a full water balance for our facility before proposing a treatment train, and will that balance be included in the project deliverables?

      Without a validated water balance, treatment system sizing is based on assumptions that frequently result in under- or over-specification.

    2. 02

      What is the design basis for effluent quality, and does it account for worst-case batch discharge scenarios rather than just average flows?

      Industrial effluent is rarely at average composition during peak production; designing only to average conditions almost guarantees permit breaches during high-load events.

    3. 03

      What performance bond or contractual guarantee do you offer against the EA permit limits we must meet at the point of discharge?

      Without a performance guarantee tied to specific consent parameters, the operator bears the regulatory risk even if the design is flawed.

    4. 04

      How does your system handle production shutdowns and restarts, which often cause shock loads to biological treatment?

      Biological treatment systems are sensitive to feed interruption and resumption; providers must demonstrate how their system manages these transitions without permit breaches.

    5. 05

      What spare parts inventory do you maintain, and what is your guaranteed response time for a critical equipment failure?

      An industrial treatment plant failing during production means effluent may need to be held or production curtailed; response time commitment directly affects operational risk.

    What drives cost in this category

    4
    Effluent flow rate and variability
    Highly variable flows require equalization infrastructure to protect downstream processes; the equalization tank volume and associated civils can represent 20 to 30% of total project cost.
    Contaminant complexity and regulatory limits
    Tight permit limits for multiple parameters (COD, ammonia, suspended solids, specific metals) require more treatment stages and more intensive monitoring, multiplying both capital and operating cost.
    Energy intensity of treatment technology
    Aerobic biological treatment using diffused aeration can consume 0.5 to 2 kWh/kg COD removed; for high-strength industrial effluents, energy is often the dominant operating cost driver.
    Sludge production and disposal route
    Physicochemical and biological processes generate sludge that must be dewatered and disposed of; sludge disposal costs (GBP 30 to GBP 150 per tonne depending on composition) can match or exceed chemical treatment costs for high-solids streams.

    Key regulations and standards

    4
    Environmental Permitting Regulations 2016
    Requires all industrial dischargers to surface water or groundwater to hold an Environmental Permit specifying consent conditions for flow, BOD, COD, suspended solids, and specific pollutants.
    Water Industry Act 1991 (Trade Effluent Consent)
    Industrial dischargers to public sewer must obtain a trade effluent consent from the local water company, specifying volume, composition, and timing of discharge.
    BS EN ISO 15681
    Standard for determination of orthophosphate and total phosphorus in water, relevant to permit compliance monitoring for phosphorus-sensitive receiving waters.
    EA Horizontal Guidance H1
    Sets out the methodology for assessing environmental impact of industrial discharges, used to determine permit conditions and required treatment standards.

    Explore Related Categories

    Core Treatment Technologies

    Water Filtration Systems CompaniesChemical Treatment Solution CompaniesBiological Wastewater Treatment CompaniesMembrane Filtration CompaniesEffluent Treatment Plant Companies (ETP)

    Common Challenges

    COD/BOD Reduction CompaniesHeavy Metals Removal CompaniesScale & Corrosion Control CompaniesTurbidity Removal CompaniesTDS Reduction Companies

    Key Industries

    Manufacturing Water Treatment CompaniesChemical & Petrochemical Water Treatment CompaniesFood & Beverage Water Treatment CompaniesMetals & Steel Water Treatment CompaniesMining Wastewater Treatment Companies
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