Roentgenium

1 · Identity

Symbol, number

Rg, 111

Oxidation states in water

not given in the book entry

Note

Identity from the book entry; nothing measured in water.

Sources

Identity

Name and symbol

Roentgenium, Rg

Atomic number

111 protons

Position

group 11 · period 7 · d-block · unknown, probably transition metal

CAS number

54386-24-2

Atomic structure

Atomic mass

281 u

Electron configuration

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f¹⁴ 6d⁹
[Rn] 7s² 5f¹⁴ 6d⁹(predicted)

Electrons per shell

2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 17, 2

Valence electrons

11 ns and (n-1)d

Physical properties

State at room temperature

Expected to be a Solid

Melting point

not in sources

Boiling point

not in sources

Density

not in sources

Appearance

not in sources

Thermal conductivity

not in sources

Electrical resistivity

not in sources

Electrical conductivity

not in sources

Crystal structure

body-centered cubic

Molar heat capacity

not in sources

Chemical properties

Oxidation states

5, 3, 1, -1 ​(predicted)

Electronegativity

not in sources

Ionisation energy

not in sources

Electron affinity

not in sources

Atomic radius

not in sources

Ionic radius

not in sources

Reactivity

A group 11 transactinide made in very low yield; no chemical experiment has been performed, although 282Rg lives long enough (about 100 s) for one and relativistic effects on the 7s electrons are predicted to peak here.

with water

Not known; no experiment has been reported.

with oxygen, air

Not known; no experiment has been reported.

with acids

Not known; no experiment has been reported.

with halogens

Not known; no experiment has been reported.

Typical compounds

not in sources

Occurrence, production and use

Crustal abundance

Not Applicable

Oceanic abundance

Not Applicable

Occurrence and sources

• synthetic only nickel and bismuth atoms fused in a heavy ion accelerator

Extraction, production

not in sources

Uses

Since only a few atoms of roentgenium have ever been produced, it currently has no uses outside of basic scientific research.

Safety, toxicity

not in sources

Discovery and name

Discovered by

Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung

Discovered

1994

First isolated

not in sources

Named by

not in sources

Origin of the name

after Wilhelm Röntgen

Roentgenium does not occur naturally in the Earth’s crust. Roentgenium was first synthesized by an international team of scientists from the GSI in Darmstadt, Germany, the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Russia, the Comenius University in Bratislava, Slovakia, and the University of Jyväskylä, Finland at the GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research in Darmstadt, Germany in 1994, using the nuclear reaction 209Bi (64Ni, n) 272Rg. The credit for the first synthesis was confirmed in 2003. The element was named after Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen (Fig. IUPAC.111.1), who discovered X-rays in 1895 [660], [661], [662]. Roentgenium has no known isotopic applications aside from scientific research.

Roentgenium is named after Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen.