Livermorium

1 · Identity

Symbol, number

Lv, 116

Oxidation states in water

+4, +2 and -2 listed (book entry)

Note

Identity from the book entry; nothing measured in water.

Sources

Identity

Name and symbol

Livermorium, Lv

Atomic number

116 protons

Position

group 16 · period 7 · p-block · unknown, probably post-transition metal

CAS number

54100-71-9

Atomic structure

Atomic mass

293 u

Electron configuration

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁶ 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁶ 6s² 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6p⁶ 7s² 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰ 7p⁴
[Rn] 7s² 7p⁴ 5f¹⁴ 6d¹⁰(predicted)

Electrons per shell

2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 6

Valence electrons

6 outer shell

Physical properties

State at room temperature

Expected to be a Solid

Melting point

637 K (363.85 °C)

Boiling point

1,035 K (761.85 °C)

Density

not in sources

Appearance

not in sources

Thermal conductivity

not in sources

Electrical resistivity

not in sources

Electrical conductivity

not in sources

Crystal structure

not in sources

Molar heat capacity

not in sources

Chemical properties

Oxidation states

-2,+2, +4 ​(predicted)

Electronegativity

not in sources

Ionisation energy

not in sources

Electron affinity

not in sources

Atomic radius

not in sources

Ionic radius

not in sources

Reactivity

A group 16 transactinide whose known isotopes live only milliseconds, too short for any chemical experiment; its chemistry is entirely predicted by extrapolation from polonium.

with water

Not known; no experiment has been reported.

with oxygen, air

Not known; no experiment has been reported.

with acids

Not known; no experiment has been reported.

with halogens

Not known; no experiment has been reported.

Typical compounds

not in sources

Occurrence, production and use

Crustal abundance

Not Applicable

Oceanic abundance

Not Applicable

Occurrence and sources

• synthetic only curium atoms bombarded with calcium at Dubna

Extraction, production

not in sources

Uses

Since only a few atoms of livermorium have ever been produced, it currently has no uses outside of basic scientific research.

Safety, toxicity

not in sources

Discovery and name

Discovered by

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Discovered

2000

First isolated

not in sources

Named by

not in sources

Origin of the name

after Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, itself named partly after Livermore, California

Livermorium does not occur naturally in the Earth’s crust. In 2000, scientists from the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, Russia (Fig. IUPAC.116.1) worked with scientists from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory at the University of California and other collaborators to synthesize element 116. This element was first given the placeholder name ununhexium; in May of 2012 it was granted the name livermorium, with the symbol Lv. Researchers first studied livermorium as a decay product of oganesson and then synthesized livermorium by bombarding atoms of 248Cm with ions of 48Ca. The initial reaction of 248Cm with 48Ca produced the isotope 292Lv. Researchers were also able to produce livermorium by bombarding 245Cm with 48Ca. There are four known isotopes of livermorium [669], [674]. Livermorium has no known isotopic applications aside from scientific research.