Treatment Technologies
Coagulation & Flocculation Companies
Coag/floc solution providers, chemistry, jar testing, clarifier and DAF design for particulate and colloid removal.
This page is a good fit if you need:
- Coagulation/Flocculation or Ion Exchange capabilities
- Suppliers with utilities sector experience
- Providers operating in Netherlands or China
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80 results from 80 matched providers
Hidrofilt Ltd.
Hidrofilt Ltd. is a leading designer, manufacturer, and operator in water treatment solutions, specializing in filtration technologies and wastewater treatment plants. Serving diverse industries, it provides comprehensive services from design to maintenance, ensuring efficient and sustainable water management across Europe.
Metalife S.r.l.
Metalife S.r.l. is a leading international supplier of water treatment solutions, specializing in advanced filtration technologies and consulting services. Based in Italy, the company serves various industries, including construction, manufacturing, and utilities, providing innovative equipment and systems for effective water purification and management.
Blupura S.r.l.
Blupura S.r.l., based in Italy, specializes in the design and manufacture of innovative water dispensers and coolers. Catering to domestic, office, and hospitality sectors, the company emphasizes sustainability and cutting-edge technology in its product offerings, ensuring efficient and eco-friendly hydration solutions.
Fobrite
Fobrite specializes in advanced water treatment solutions, focusing on filtration technologies and purification systems for utilities, manufacturing, and waste management sectors in China and the Asia-Pacific region.
HSC WATER
HSC WATER specializes in industrial and domestic water treatment systems, offering solutions like reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, and disinfection. With a focus on manufacturing and utilities, they provide comprehensive treatment solutions and system integration across the Middle East and Europe.
Ningbo Purease Water Purification Technology Co., Ltd.
Ningbo Purease Water Purification Technology Co., Ltd. specializes in manufacturing advanced water purification equipment and providing innovative technology solutions for water treatment. Based in China, the company serves the Asia-Pacific region, focusing on manufacturing and utility industries.
Shanghai ChiMay Technology Ltd.
Shanghai ChiMay Technology Ltd. specializes in advanced water analysis and control solutions, offering a wide range of products including online water analyzers, filtering valves, and connectors. Their expertise extends to providing comprehensive monitoring and intelligence systems for various industries.
Thermax Chemical Europe A/S
Thermax Chemical Europe A/S is a leading provider of engineering solutions, specializing in heating, cooling, water and waste management, and air pollution control. With a strong presence in Europe, the Middle East, and Asia-Pacific, the company delivers comprehensive services in energy transition and environmental sustainability.
Zhejiang Aibote Environmental Technologies INC.
Zhejiang Aibote Environmental Technologies INC. is a leading water purifier manufacturing factory in China, specializing in advanced water filtration and purification technologies. The company serves various industries with innovative equipment and digital solutions for water treatment and monitoring.
Acqua Brevetti S.r.l.
Acqua Brevetti S.r.l. specializes in providing advanced water treatment solutions for both residential and industrial applications. Their expertise spans across equipment manufacturing and technology provision, catering to various industries including construction, manufacturing, and utilities.
Apura SRL
Apura SRL specializes in high-tech water treatment solutions, offering advanced equipment and monitoring systems to enhance industrial plant management. With ISO 9001 certification, they ensure high-quality standards in manufacturing and provide comprehensive post-sales support and training services.
GWS industries
GWS Industries, based in Italy, specializes in the design and manufacture of advanced water dispensers for domestic, office, and hospitality sectors. Their products, known for compactness and versatility, connect directly to water networks, ensuring eco-friendly solutions that meet strict safety standards.
Livingcare Co., Ltd.
Livingcare Co., Ltd. specializes in innovative tankless hot and cold water purifiers, providing advanced solutions for water management in the Asia-Pacific region. As a leading equipment manufacturer and technology provider, the company focuses on delivering high-quality products for residential and commercial use.
Nuoro
Nuoro is an independent engineering cooperative in Belgium, specializing in circular water and energy projects. As consultants, tech integrators, and main contractors, they drive sustainable innovation in water treatment, reuse, and energy recovery, serving industries and public utilities across Europe.
PETER TABOADA
Peter Taboada specializes in advanced water treatment and desalination technologies, offering solutions for various industries including utilities, manufacturing, and waste management. Based in Spain, the company provides equipment and technology for effective water purification and treatment processes.
Proteus Instruments Ltd.
Proteus Instruments Ltd. specializes in the manufacturing of advanced water quality instruments, offering real-time multiparameter sensors for diverse applications in potable, industrial, environmental, and wastewater sectors. Based in the UK, they provide comprehensive consultancy, installation, and maintenance services to ensure optimal water monitoring and management.
Toro Equipment
Toro Equipment designs and manufactures industrial wastewater treatment equipment for global clients. High-quality, efficient, and built to last.
WaterLine srl
WaterLine srl specializes in water treatment and dispensing products, offering advanced filtration technologies for various industries. With a focus on quality and innovation, they provide solutions for water purification and treatment plants across Europe.
Wonbong Co., Ltd.
Wonbong Co., Ltd. is a South Korean company specializing in the manufacturing and provision of advanced water filtration systems and membrane technologies. Catering to industries such as construction, manufacturing, and utilities, Wonbong delivers innovative solutions for water treatment and infrastructure, ensuring high standards of water quality and sustainability.
YWT Ltd.
YWT Ltd. specializes in advanced water engineering solutions, offering a range of services including reverse osmosis, UV disinfection, and chemical supply. Based in Israel, they cater to the Middle East & Africa region, serving industries such as utilities and manufacturing.
Optimizing Coagulation and Flocculation for Clarification and Filtration Performance
Coagulation and flocculation are the foundational steps in most surface water treatment trains, converting colloidal and fine suspended particles into settleable or filterable floc. Coagulation—the charge neutralization step—must occur under intense rapid mixing conditions (G values of 700–1,000 s⁻¹) for 30–60 seconds to allow the coagulant (typically aluminum or ferric salts, or polyaluminum chloride) to contact all colloidal particles before the reaction equilibrium shifts. Under-mixing produces insufficient charge neutralization; over-mixing can break nascent floc before it grows to settleable size. Coagulant dose and pH must be optimized together—aluminum coagulation operates in a narrow pH window of 6.0–7.5, while ferric coagulation is effective over a wider range of 5.0–8.0.
Flocculation—the particle agglomeration step—follows coagulation in a series of tapered-energy mixing zones (G values typically declining from 60 to 20 s⁻¹ across 20–30 minutes of detention time) designed to allow micro-floc particles to collide and bind into larger, faster-settling macrofloc. Polymer coagulant aids and flocculant aids (high-molecular-weight anionic or cationic polyacrylamides) are dosed in the flocculation stage to strengthen floc and improve settling velocity. Jar testing is essential for optimizing both coagulant dose and polymer type and dose under current feedwater conditions, as seasonal NOM character changes significantly affect optimal treatment conditions.
Inline coagulation—applying coagulant with minimal detention time directly upstream of a membrane filter—is a different design paradigm used for ultrafiltration pre-treatment in surface water plants. Here the goal is not to form large settleable floc but to destabilize colloids and NOM just enough to improve membrane adsorption and reduce irreversible fouling, with the membrane itself performing the separation. Inline coagulation doses are typically much lower than conventional coagulation doses, and overdosing can accelerate membrane fouling rather than preventing it.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I determine the optimal coagulant dose for my water treatment plant?
Jar testing is the standard method for coagulant dose optimization. Run a coagulant dose-response curve (typically 4–6 dose increments) at your current feedwater turbidity, NOM concentration (measured as UV₂₅₄ absorbance or TOC), and temperature. Measure settled turbidity, final pH, and residual aluminum or iron at each dose. The optimal dose is the lowest dose that achieves your target effluent turbidity while keeping residual coagulant within regulatory limits. Jar testing should be repeated seasonally as NOM character and temperature change, and whenever source water quality shifts significantly.
What is enhanced coagulation and when is it required?
Enhanced coagulation is a treatment strategy that optimizes coagulant dose and pH to maximize total organic carbon (TOC) removal beyond what is needed just for turbidity reduction, targeting specific percent TOC removal requirements under EPA's Surface Water Treatment Rule and Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts Rule (D/DBPR). It is required for surface water utilities in TOC removal percentage tiers defined by source water TOC and alkalinity. Enhanced coagulation typically requires operating at a lower pH (5.5–6.0 for alum) and higher coagulant dose than conventional turbidity-removal coagulation.
How do I select between aluminum sulfate (alum), ferric chloride, and polyaluminum chloride (PAC)?
Alum is the lowest-cost option and performs well in warm water (above 10°C) at moderate NOM concentrations and in the pH range of 6.0–7.5. Ferric chloride is preferred for cold water performance, higher NOM concentrations, and source waters requiring lower residual pH operation. PAC (polyaluminum chloride) typically outperforms both at lower temperatures, produces less sludge per unit of TOC removal, and works over a wider pH range, but costs 2–4 times more per kg than alum. Pilot testing or jar testing under your specific conditions is the only reliable way to compare performance for your feedwater.
What are the signs that my coagulation/flocculation process is underperforming?
Common indicators include filter effluent turbidity above 0.3 NTU on a consistent basis (suggesting poor floc formation and filter breakthrough), high filter head loss development rate (suggesting large, weak floc is blinding the filter surface rather than penetrating the bed), visible pinpoint floc in the settled effluent (indicating incomplete flocculation), and increasing filter-to-waste (FTW) volumes needed at startup (suggesting coagulation optimization is needed). Increasing disinfection byproduct formation in the finished water is a secondary indicator of inadequate NOM removal during coagulation.