Infrastructure, Networks & Equipment

    Biosolids Management Companies

    Biosolids handling, stabilization, land application, and beneficial-reuse service providers.

    70 providers

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    AVK UK Ltd logo

    AVK UK Ltd

    United Kingdom

    AVK UK is part of the globally renowned AVK Group who are based in over 100+ countries and has over 4,500+ employees worldwide. The AVK Group is privately owned by the founder Niels Aage Kjaer, and is named after his father Aage Valdemar Kjaer. As part of the AVK Group, we pride ourselves in being one of the leading valve manufacturers for the water, sewage, firefighting, and gas industries. Our product program comprises a large range of valves, hydrants, pipe fittings and accessories, each complying with the highest standards of safety and durability. Our focus is on the products designed and manufactured to the British Standards, however, the AVK Group today offers products in accordance with the most national and international standards. Our product portfolio also includes AVK Smart Water Management valves and sensors for real-time network information and status. We also offer Pressure Management solutions such as air valves, PRVs, and control valves, AVK Assist which enables GPS product location and, the market leading Donkin PUR range of gas valves. Our UK sales offices and manufacturing sites respond quickly to the needs of our customers and for fittings required on an express or emergency service we have a dedicated same day 24/7 helpline – 0800 202 8228. In addition, we cooperate with local and national distributor partners to offer our customers AVK products as part of multi-product packages. AVK UK is the sales division and has offices in Staveley, near Chesterfield, also known as the home of Bryan Donkin gas valves, and Northampton. AVK in the UK comprises of 7 companies and has over 500 employees. Find out more here: https://www.avkuk.co.uk/en-gb/solutions-and-information/about/avk-in-the-uk/avk-uk

    Treatment Works Products/Services
    Asset Maintenance & Rehabilitation
    Coleman James logo

    Coleman James

    United Kingdom

    At Coleman James, our purpose is to connect top talent with ambitious businesses in the built environment and rail sectors, helping companies and candidates grow and prosper. Dynamic, driven, capable, knowledgeable and culturally aligned; we employ a razor-sharp focus to searching for and selecting the very best people. We do this through our niche, dedicated team of award-winning recruitment consultants, who have over 200 collective years of experience and knowledge of your industry. We’re known for our long-standing relationships, enviable contacts book, broad network and our bespoke methodology, making us the specialist recruitment agency of choice for building services, civil engineering, construction, facilities management and rail. Ours is a consultative, tailored approach. Our clients don’t simply transact with us; instead, we build long-term, collaborative partnerships. We pay attention to the details, from pre-screening to psychometric testing, we match the right people to the right roles. We add value at every turn; we’re problem solvers who operate with absolute integrity, delivering customer excellence at every step and tangible results you can rely on.

    Recruitment
    Electrosteel Castings (UK) Ltd logo

    Electrosteel Castings (UK) Ltd

    United Kingdom

    Electrosteel Castings (UK) Ltd is a leading manufacturer of ductile iron pipes, fittings and ancillary pipeline products, supplying companies all around the globe. Our products fully comply with the many international and European standards for conveyance of potable drinking water, raw water and wastewater. We pride ourselves on providing a tailor-made solution that will meet your requirements, whatever the size or nature of your project. Working closely with the rest of the Electrosteel family, Electrosteel UK have the ability to manufacture, source, and consolidate product packages enabling our customers to have a single point of responsibility for the management and delivery of the materials ordered. This in turn ensures effective, on-time project completion and peace of mind. Electrosteel Castings (UK) is part of a company that has been engaged in the water infrastructure business for over fifty years. We cater to a large customer base in the UK, the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Europe, Africa, and the USA. We have fulfilled more than 10,000 water supply projects in which our ductile iron spun pipes and fittings were implemented. In the UK we produce pipes and fittings in the range DN80mm – DN1000m in accordance with the following European standards: EN 545 for water EN 598 for sewerage

    Treatment Works Products/Services
    Networks - Sewerage
    Eliquo Hydrok Ltd logo

    Eliquo Hydrok Ltd

    United Kingdom

    ELIQUO HYDROK works with all major UK and Ireland water companies, providing practical water engineering solutions. As a specialist engineering firm with head office in Indian Queens, ELIQUO HYDROK operates at the forefront of innovative and sustainable water treatment technologies. We support the entire UK water sector, supplying every water company. Part of ELIQUO WATER GROUP, the extensive portfolio includes solutions for wastewater management, wastewater treatment, clean water treatment and surface water management; Mecana PCMF, aeration technologies, CSO screens, flow controls, storm tank flushing and Raw Water Intake Screens. Plus, a sludge treatment portfolio that helps reduce costs, improve efficiency, and meet environmental compliance requirements – through systems like ELOVAC® for vacuum degassing, and other integrated technologies in biogas, digestion, dewatering and drying. With established teams in Cornwall, Wolverhampton and Wombwell, ELIQUO HYDROK are well-equipped to support operations – from start to finish; with design, manufacture, management and install capabilities – across the UK and Ireland. This wealth of in-house expertise is backed by a forward-thinking mindset to help customers achieve their long-term goals sustainably; to deliver results in AMP 8 and beyond.

    Treatment Works Products/Services
    Asset Maintenance & Rehabilitation
    FLI Precast Solutions logo

    FLI Precast Solutions

    United Kingdom

    FLI Precast Solutions (formerly FLI Carlow) provide design, engineering and manufacturing services for the off-site manufacture of specialist concrete infrastructure and attenuation systems. Our markets include Water, Wastewater, Energy and Storm Attenuation in the UK & Ireland and bespoke projects globally. SERVICES INCLUDE Design, engineering and manufacturing services for the off-site manufacture of specialist concrete infrastructure and attenuation systems. Design to national and international water industry standards and our semi-precast modular designs make us the industry leader in off-site concrete engineering and manufacture. By early involvement and integrating with our clients’ design teams we can accelerate and improve design optimisation and reduce cost. The value is in the solution, and off-site manufacturing and fabrication leads to higher efficiencies and lower risks and costs. Framework agreements enable us to add more value through collaboration, innovation, economies of scale, supply chain partnering and cost management. Our products and designs are engineered to provide solutions to many challenges facing our clients: water retention, water storage, water conveyancing, water management, water treatment, fire-resistance criteria, chemical resistance parameters, infrastructural products, retaining walls, coastal erosion, decorative walls, to name a few. We are a solutions provider using innovative off-site concrete engineering and our industry leading semi-precast modular designs. The company is part of the FLI Group which is a diversified group of companies providing environmental solutions, services and technologies to private and public sector customers in the UK, France, Ireland and throughout the world. PRODUCTS INCLUDE Service reservoirs Process settlement tanks (PST / HST / FST / etc) Storm & attenuation tanks (network or site based) Process structures (ASP / TSR / GAC / RGF / etc) MCC service foundations Bund wall system Chambers Channel & lids Comms chambers Multi-purpose chambers Bespoke culverts Holding tanks Barriers Demountable fence supports (international airport approved) Ballast blocks Dry flow channelling Foundation bases Blast fence supports

    Precast Concrete
    Concrete Works
    Hydro International logo

    Hydro International

    United Kingdom

    Hydro International, a CRH company,  provides advanced products, services and expertise to help municipal, industrial and construction customers to improve their water management processes, increase operational performance and reduce environmental impact. Hydro International can help water companies meet their AMP and environmental obligations, including the reduction of sewer overflows and the Water Industry National Environment Programme (WINEP). Hydro International provides total solutions for Inlet Works, Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs), Stormwater Management, Flood Warning and Prevention, and Water Resource management, from design to supply and installation through to ongoing preventative maintenance, servicing and emergency repair.  These solutions include: Hydrometric data collection, monitoring analysis and reporting for river level, reservoir, network and weather. Continuous water quality monitoring for compliance with Section 82 of the Environment Act. Water resource analysis and consultancy. Stormwater management solutions, including options for Sustainable Drainage Systems. (SuDS) and Smart Maintenance. CSO event duration monitoring. CSO and storm tank treatment and screening. Passive flow controls for flood prevention schemes, SuDS, CSOs and WwTWs. Inlet works screening and grit removal solutions. Sludge screening. Dropping sewage or water safely from height. Hire, repair and maintenance of inlet works screens and screenings handling equipment

    Networks - Sewerage
    Asset Maintenance & Rehabilitation
    Industrial Pipework Services logo

    Industrial Pipework Services

    United Kingdom

    At Industrial Pipework Services, we provide bespoke engineering services. With over 25 years’ experience IPS can offer complete mechanical engineering solutions including design, manufacture & installation services. Our experienced workforce are trained to the highest standards. IPS is situated within easy access to the M4 corridor approximately 30 minutes North of Cardiff. The company embraces innovative thinking while utilising the latest technology. IPS operating base comprises of 30,000 square foot of workshops, offices and assembly areas.  The Workshops are fully segregated for the manufacture of both carbon steel and stainless-steel products and are serviced by dedicated overhead gantry cranes. With over two decades of engineering experience the company strives to combine first class engineering and design to deliver the high quality that is required.  The Company maintains a proactive approach, working closely with our Clients to achieve our collective aims for each scheme. This ambition is underpinned by an uncompromising commitment to attain the highest standards of health, safety and environmental care. IPS provides continued excellence in design, manufacturing and installation gained from many years experience within the industry. Our In-House design capability allows the company to provide a full engineering design service using the latest Auto CAD software packages. IPS offers a design service for both pipework and steelwork systems from proposal drawings to the production of as built drawings. IPS Design Office provides all relevant AutoCAD drawings for steelwork and pipework, Isometric drawings for fabrication, general layout drawings for plant and equipment and As Built drawings. Structural steelwork calculations and flow characteristics are also provided as required. IPS offer a full 3D surveying services and production of cloud point data for project modelling. IPS operates primarily within the Water Industry and provides services for both clean water and sewage. IPS is a Tier One Mechanical Engineering Specialists Provider to Dŵr Cymru Welsh Water and the Strategic Alliance. IPS operate nationally and have delivered projects throughout the UK for many Water Utility companies including Anglian Water, Thames Water and Bristol Water. Continual improvement into our infrastructure and the development of new IT systems has brought us to a level consistent with the requirements of our clients. IPS offers a complete project management service, including operation of Principal Contractor role as well as delivering turnkey projects. Experience gained in the water industry has enabled us to manage the competing demands of cost, quality and safety for all our projects.

    Networks - Water Supply
    Contractors
    PLR Building Services Ltd logo

    PLR Building Services Ltd

    United Kingdom

    Here at PLR Building Services, our team brings extensive experience in the water industry, specialising in top-tier electrical installation work for framework companies across the utility companies. Our primary focus is on ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements for water systems. We offer a comprehensive electrical design package and project management services. Our team is equipped with the latest health, safety, and electrical qualifications to meet all your project requirements efficiently. As a NICEIC approved contractor, we excel in both new systems installation and the refurbishment of existing installations. Water treatment Wastewater treatment Sludge treatment Pumping stations Reservoirs Inspection Testing Electrical Design Project managing

    Contractors
    Water Pumping Stations
    Technocover Ltd logo

    Technocover Ltd

    United Kingdom

    Technocover is an approved ISO 14001:2004 Environmental and ISO 9001:2008 Quality Accredited Company, dedicated to the Design, Manufacture, Installation and Maintenance of Physical Security Access Solutions for protection to all industrial sectors. Our extensive in-house design and manufacturing facilities are home to well established research and development unit and comprehensive testing facility. Our commercial offices incorporate our design team who utilise the latest computer aided design technology and work alongside our dedicated planning section who oversee everything from surveying, scheduling and contract reviews, to the management of framework agreements. We have been designing and manufacturing innovative steel products since 1993. In that time, through organic growth, planned expansion and acquisition, we have gained a reputation as the UK’s leading supplier of Physical Steel Security Access Products. We have a range of aperture security solutions for virtually every application, establishments in the UK and overseas have sought our expertise in providing security products for asset protection. We operate a Total Service Philosophy and can handle complete projects from site survey to final installation, whether for new or refurbishing projects, the adaptability of our galvanised steel access products means the most complex design criteria can be met. Our range of high quality access products offer custom built operational and security solutions to prevent unauthorised persons gaining access, securing key assets against all levels of trespass, malicious vandalism, theft, extortion, contamination or terrorism. Many of our access system products have been tested and approved by the Loss Prevention Certification Board (LPCB)  to LPS 1175 issue 5 or above, Security Rating Levels 2, 3, 4 or 5. Frameworks We hold both exclusive and shared framework agreements with most of the major UK water companies. Framework Security items include: LPCB Level 2 Universal Gas Cylinder Clamps LPCB Level 3 Mesh Cage Systems LPCB Level 3 Flush Access Covers LPCB Level 4 Upstand Access Covers LPCB Level 4 Padlockable Access Doors LPCB Level 4 Key Entry Doors LPCB Level 4 Enclosures/Kiosks/Cabinets LPCB Level 4 Walk-In Modular Buildings LPCB Level 4 Window Bar Sets LPCB Level 5 Louvres

    Security Solutions
    Asset Maintenance & Rehabilitation
    Waterco logo

    Waterco

    United Kingdom

    Waterco are engineering and environmental consultants providing design and consultancy services relating to water, drainage and flood risk. We have expertise in engineering and environmental disciplines and are supplemented by a network of specialist independent consultants with extensive experience in major development projects throughout the UK. Our focus is on achieving the optimum solution for our clients, meeting their objectives and adding value to their projects. We have gained a reputation for a friendly, professional and flexible approach since our establishment in 1990. Our Services Water industry infrastructure and non-infrastructure projects Pipelines & Sewerage Water & Wastewater Treatment & Systems Pumping Stations Contingency Planning Security Assessments Asset Management Surge Analysis Hydraulic Modelling Flood Risk Assessment Breach Analysis Coastal & Shoreline Analysis Surface Water Management Sustainable Drainage Systems Natural Flood Management/Catchment Approaches Clients and Partners Our clients and partners include water companies, consultants and contractors. Incorporating their experience and knowledge, we investigate and develop practical designs, to help deliver cost-effective solutions. Geographic Coverage We undertake projects all across the UK, with many of our reporting services being desk-based, travelling to site visits and meetings as required. We have also been involved in international projects such as a major development in Lekki, Nigeria. Accreditations We currently have an ISO 9001 : 2015 accredited Quality Management System; have a BS8555 : 2003 certified Environmental Management System; have design approval in the Water Industry Registration Scheme (WIRS); have maintained Investors in People recognition since 2011 and operate an ICE approved training scheme.

    Designers

    Recovering Biosolids as Soil Amendment, Energy Feedstock, or Bioproduct

    Biosolids — the stabilized organic residual from municipal wastewater treatment — are recovered through three primary pathways: land application as soil amendment (US 40 CFR 503 Class A or Class B; EU Sewage Sludge Directive 86/278/EEC), energy recovery via mono-incineration with steam-cycle electricity generation or anaerobic co-digestion with food waste, and resource recovery for struvite (12-7-0 fertilizer grade), biochar via pyrolysis at 400–700°C, and increasingly cellulose fiber from primary sludge for bioplastic feedstock.

    Land application requires Class A treatment (pasteurization 70°C/30 min, thermophilic anaerobic digestion at 55°C/15-day HRT, or alkaline stabilization to pH >12 for 72 hours) to meet enteric-virus and helminth-egg standards; Class B (mesophilic digestion VSR >38%) accepts site restrictions. Heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Hg, Ni, Zn) and emerging contaminants (PFAS, microplastics, pharmaceuticals) increasingly constrain land application — Sweden, Switzerland, Germany are progressively banning sludge agriculture and mandating mono-incineration + phosphorus recovery.

    Phosphorus recovery is the highest-value resource pathway: struvite from anaerobic digester centrate (Crystalactor, Ostara Pearl, AirPrex) yields 60–95% P recovery as fertilizer-grade product; thermochemical P recovery from incineration ash (AshDec, Pulse Reactor, Ecophos) recovers 70–90%. EU Critical Raw Materials Act 2024 lists phosphorus as critical, accelerating recovery investment. Aguato lists biosolids-recovery providers across land application, mono-incineration, struvite recovery, and biochar pyrolysis.

    Frequently Asked Questions

    What's the difference between Class A and Class B biosolids?

    Class A (US EPA 40 CFR 503) is pathogen-free biosolids — no detectable Salmonella, viable helminth ova <1/4g, fecal coliform <1,000 MPN/g dry. Achieved by pasteurization, composting, thermophilic digestion, or alkaline stabilization. Class A has no land-application restrictions and can be distributed retail. Class B has fecal coliform <2,000,000 MPN/g and requires site restrictions: 30-day grazing exclusion, 14-month food-crop exclusion, public-access restrictions.

    Is land application of biosolids still allowed under tightening regulations?

    Increasingly restricted but not banned in most jurisdictions. Sweden and Switzerland have phased out agricultural biosolids; Germany and Netherlands restrict to Class A only; France and Italy permit both Class A and B with strict heavy-metals and PFAS limits. USEPA proposed PFAS Method 1633 regulation in 2024; some states (Maine, Connecticut, Massachusetts) have banned PFAS-contaminated biosolids application. Long-term trajectory in Europe is toward mono-incineration + phosphorus recovery.

    How does struvite recovery work and is it economically viable?

    Struvite (MgNH₄PO₄·6H₂O) precipitates at pH 8.0–9.0 with Mg:P:N molar ratio 1.0–1.3:1:1. Anaerobic digester centrate (typically 800–1,500 mg/L PO₄-P) is dosed with MgCl₂ in a fluidized-bed crystallizer, producing 60–95% P recovery as 1–4 mm pellet fertilizer. Recovery cost $3–8/kg P, fertilizer sale at $1.50–4/kg P. Often justified by reduced struvite scaling in downstream pipes (avoided maintenance) and phosphorus permit compliance, not standalone fertilizer revenue.

    What is biochar and how is it produced from biosolids?

    Biochar is the carbon-rich solid produced from pyrolysis (oxygen-limited thermal decomposition) of biosolids at 400 to 700 degrees C. Yield is 25 to 50% by dry mass with 30 to 60% fixed carbon. Biochar from biosolids contains 10 to 20% phosphorus, making it a slow-release soil amendment with carbon sequestration credits (potential 40 to 80 EUR/tonne CO2eq under EU CRCF). Pyrolysis also destroys most PFAS and pharmaceuticals at above 550 degrees C, addressing emerging-contaminant risk.

    Case Study·Municipal wastewater utility, Severn Trent operational area, 200,000 PE treatment works
    Challenge

    The utility was land-applying 18,000 tonnes/year of Class B mesophilic-digested biosolids at GBP 22/tonne. Rising PFAS concentrations in the digested sludge (averaging 850 ng/g dry weight) were approaching limits proposed under draft UK Bioresources Strategy guidance, threatening the land-application route. Alternative disposal to landfill would cost GBP 85/tonne, adding GBP 1.1M/year.

    Approach

    A struvite recovery unit (fluidised-bed crystalliser) was installed on the digester centrate, recovering 68% of dissolved phosphorus as struvite pellets (12-7-0 fertilizer grade). A slow pyrolysis unit was piloted to convert dewatered cake to biochar, destroying PFAS above 95% at 560 degrees C and producing a product meeting proposed UK soil-amendment standards.

    Outcome

    Struvite recovery generated 185 tonnes/year of saleable fertiliser (GBP 2.40/kg P value) covering 40% of its operating cost. Pyrolysis reduced sludge disposal volume by 55% and achieved full PFAS destruction, maintaining a legal land-application route. Net saving versus landfill disposal was GBP 620,000/year.

    Questions to Ask Shortlisted Providers

    1. 1

      What PFAS concentration in your digested biosolids are you targeting and how are you monitoring compliance with emerging UK/EU thresholds?

      PFAS limits for biosolids land application are tightening across Europe. Vendors should be monitoring using EPA Method 533 or 537.1 and demonstrating a PFAS destruction or isolation strategy, not just hoping for a regulatory exemption.

    2. 2

      What is the guaranteed P recovery rate of your struvite process and what purity does the product achieve for fertiliser-grade certification?

      Struvite recovery is only economically viable above 60% P recovery and at consistent pellet purity meeting EN 13750 or equivalent fertiliser standards. Below these thresholds, the product is a waste, not a saleable resource.

    3. 3

      How does your biosolids treatment eliminate or destroy pharmaceuticals and endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs)?

      Mesophilic digestion removes 30 to 60% of pharmaceuticals; thermophilic removes 60 to 80%. Pyrolysis above 550 degrees C achieves above 95% destruction. Regulators in England and Wales are moving toward thermophilic or pyrolysis as BAT for biosolids applied to agricultural land.

    4. 4

      What is your experience with Environment Agency inspection and biosolids monitoring compliance in England and Wales?

      Biosolids operators under the Sludge (Use in Agriculture) Regulations 1989 must register land, test soil and sludge, and maintain records for inspection. Vendors unfamiliar with EA reporting requirements create compliance risk for the utility.

    5. 5

      What mono-incineration capacity and phosphorus recovery technology do you offer if land application becomes unavailable?

      Both the EU and UK are trending toward mandating P recovery from incineration ash at larger works. Utilities should understand the capital cost and lead time of mono-incineration as a contingency route before PFAS or nutrient regulations close land application.

    What Drives Cost in This Category

    Biosolids disposal route (land application vs. incineration vs. landfill vs. pyrolysis)

    Land application at GBP 15 to 30/tonne dry solids is 3 to 5 times cheaper than landfill (GBP 85 to 120/tonne) and 6 to 10 times cheaper than mono-incineration (GBP 120 to 180/tonne). PFAS or nutrient restrictions forcing a route change can add GBP 1M to GBP 5M/year at a 100,000 PE works.

    Dewatering performance and transport distance to agricultural land

    Every percentage point of DS below 25% adds 4 to 6% to transport and spreading cost. Centrifuges achieving 27 to 30% DS versus belt-filter press at 18 to 22% DS can save GBP 100K to GBP 300K/year in transport alone at large works.

    Struvite recovery capital and reagent cost

    A struvite unit for 200,000 PE centrate costs GBP 1.2M to GBP 2.5M installed. MgCl2 reagent costs GBP 0.80 to 1.20/kg Mg dosed, adding GBP 40K to GBP 90K/year. Revenue from struvite fertiliser at GBP 1.50 to GBP 2.80/kg P rarely covers all operating costs without the avoided pipe-scaling benefit.

    Advanced digestion (thermophilic or temperature-phased) for Class A compliance

    Upgrading from mesophilic to thermophilic anaerobic digestion adds GBP 500K to GBP 2M capex at 100,000 PE but achieves Class A equivalent biosolids and destroys 60 to 80% of pharmaceuticals, maintaining long-term land application options.

    Key Regulations & Standards

    Sludge (Use in Agriculture) Regulations 1989 (SI 1989/1263)

    The primary UK regulation governing biosolids land application. Requires soil and sludge testing before application, maximum heavy metal loading rates, and records maintained for inspection by the Environment Agency. Treatment to at least 'enhanced treatment' standard (log 2 pathogen reduction) is required for agricultural use.

    UK Bioresources Strategy (Environment Agency, 2020 and updates)

    The Environment Agency's strategic framework for biosolids, moving toward thermophilic treatment as BAT and flagging PFAS and microplastics as emerging risks. Utilities should monitor draft threshold updates which are expected to tighten limits for land application by 2026 to 2028.

    EU Sewage Sludge Directive 86/278/EEC and 2030 Revision

    The EU is revising the Sewage Sludge Directive to include PFAS, microplastics, and pharmaceutical limits, and to mandate phosphorus recovery at larger WWTPs. UK utilities exporting to EU markets or operating in Northern Ireland must monitor the revision timeline.

    Environmental Permitting Regulations 2016 (Waste Operation Permit)

    Biosolids treatment operations (incineration, pyrolysis) require a waste operation Environmental Permit from the Environment Agency. Burning or thermal treatment of biosolids without a permit is a criminal offence under the Environmental Permitting Regulations.