Tank fabricators across all materials and applications: GRP/FRP, HDPE, stainless steel, concrete, and glass-lined storage and process tanks.

    Find a Tank Fabrication Provider

    Matched providers: 20

    Top countries: United Kingdom, Indonesia

    Popular technologies: Acid Dosing Systems, Aerated Lagoons, MABR

    Water and Wastewater Tank Fabrication: Standards, Materials, and Design Specification

    Tank fabrication for water storage, wastewater treatment, and industrial process applications encompasses a wide range of materials, sizes, and design standards. Steel tanks: welded steel tanks are the most common large-volume solution; carbon steel (ASTM A36, BS EN 10025 S275, S355); bolted steel (corrugated or smooth panel, factory powder-coated or hot-dip galvanised (HDG) to BS EN ISO 1461; field-assembled from sections; typical diameters 2 to 20 m; heights to 6 m; capacities 5 to 2,000 m3); welded steel (API 650 for atmospheric storage tanks; BS EN 14015 for above-ground welded steel flat-bottom vertical cylindrical tanks; capacities to 100,000 m3 for large reservoirs; foundation requirements: ring beam for large tanks, engineered granular pad for smaller; settlement monitoring for post-construction). Stainless steel tanks: 304 or 316L stainless for food, beverage, pharmaceutical, and high-purity applications; hygienic design to EHEDG (European Hygienic Engineering and Design Group) guidelines; electropolished interior finish Ra less than 0.8 um; orbital welded joints; certification to PED 2014/68/EU for pressure tanks or AS/NZS 1692 for atmospheric. Concrete tanks: reinforced concrete (BS EN 1992, Eurocode 2); prestressed concrete (BS 8007, design of concrete structures for retaining aqueous liquids); cast in-situ or precast (BS EN 14843 for precast reinforced concrete tanks); capacities from 10 m3 (precast) to millions of m3 (in-situ reservoir); watertightness class W1 or W2 per BS EN 1992-3.

    GRP (glass reinforced plastic) and thermoplastic tanks: GRP tanks (filament wound or hand lay-up; BS EN 13121-3 for above-ground GRP tanks; BS 4994 for GRP vessels for chemical processes; design pressure atmospheric to 1 MPa; diameter 0.5 to 10 m; chemical resistance superior to steel for acids, alkalis, and chlorinated compounds; weight 60 to 80 percent lighter than equivalent steel; lifespan 20 to 50 years with UV-stable gelcoat; glass/polyester or glass/vinyl ester resin systems; fire classification B-s2, d0 to Euroclass E per BS EN 13501-1); HDPE and polypropylene tanks (rotationally moulded for small volumes 100 to 30,000 L; fabricated for larger volumes; USP Class VI plastics for pharmaceutical contact; FDA-approved HDPE for food contact; chemical resistance chart (HDPE: suitable for HCl, H2SO4, NaOH, chlorinated solvents at concentrations to 30 percent; not suitable for aromatic hydrocarbons, strong oxidising acids above 30 percent)). Coatings and linings: internal coatings protect carbon steel from corrosion and provide chemical resistance; DWI/WRAS-approved drinking water coatings (NSF/ANSI 61 certified): Resicoat R4, Jotun Tankguard, Belzona 1131; coal tar epoxy (AWWA C210) for raw water storage; rubber lining (chlorobutyl, EPDM, natural rubber) for aggressive chemical service; glass fused to steel (Acer Industries, CST Industries) for municipal wastewater tanks (bioglass or enamel coating at 850 degrees C fused to steel panels; AWWA D103 standard for factory-coated bolted steel tanks).

    Tank design parameters and inspection: design life for water utility tanks: 50 to 100 years (concrete), 25 to 40 years (steel), 30 to 50 years (GRP); inspection regime: Water UK's Asset Management plans require regular inspection of service reservoirs and storage tanks; EA and DWI guidance on reservoir inspection (Large Reservoirs Act 1975 applies to impoundment reservoirs over 25,000 m3); annual inspection (visual); 10-year inspection (structural, with dewatering and confined space entry); ultrasonic thickness measurement of steel walls and floors (acceptance criterion: residual wall thickness greater than 75 percent of original design thickness). Testing: hydrostatic test before commissioning (fill with water, hold 24 to 72 hours, measure settlement and leakage; acceptance: less than 0.1 percent volume per 24 hours for watertight design); vacuum test of weld seams (0.02 MPa negative pressure applied to weld seam with soap solution; BS EN 14015 Clause 12); non-destructive examination of welds (radiographic (RT) or ultrasonic (UT) per API 650 Section 8 and 9; typically spot RT on 10 percent of butt welds for standard tanks). UK tank fabricators: Permastore, CST Industries, Enduramaxx (plastic), GRP Tanks Direct, Tank International, Protank, Elgin Tanks, Tuffa Tanks, Kingspan Environmental.

    Frequently Asked Questions

    What standards apply to water storage tank fabrication in the UK?

    UK water storage tank fabrication standards: Above-ground welded steel flat-bottom tanks: BS EN 14015:2004 (specification for the design and manufacture of site built, vertical, cylindrical, flat-bottomed, above-ground, welded, steel tanks); API 650 (welded tanks for oil storage, also widely used for water); BS EN 1993-1-6 (design of steel structures, cylindrical shells, for shell buckling). Bolted steel tanks: AWWA D103 (factory-coated bolted steel tanks for water storage); BS EN 1993-1-6 applies to shell design. Concrete tanks: BS EN 1992-3:2006 (design of concrete structures for liquid retaining and containment); BS 8007:1987 (design of concrete structures for retaining aqueous liquids - withdrawn but still referenced); BS 8500 (concrete specification); watertightness class W1 (leakage through cracks limited to 0.1 percent volume of stored liquid per day) or W2 (no leakage through cracks). GRP tanks: BS EN 13121-3:2016 (underground and above-ground GRP tanks, design); BS 4994:1987 (GRP vessels and tanks for chemical processes - key design document for chemical service); LPS 1500 (Loss Prevention Certification for GRP tanks used in fire suppression). Pressure vessels (tanks operating above 0.5 bar): PED 2014/68/EU (Pressure Equipment Directive, UK retained PSSR 2000 and PED SIs); BS EN 13445 (unfired pressure vessels). Drinking water contact: all materials (tank linings, gaskets, coatings) must be DWI/WRAS approved (BS 6920 extraction test; NSF/ANSI 61 as alternative route). Reservoirs over 25,000 m3: Reservoirs Act 1975 (supervision by qualified civil engineer; inspection by independent panel engineer).

    What internal coatings are approved for drinking water tanks?

    Internal coatings for drinking water contact tanks must be approved by the Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI) under the Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations 2016 (England) and equivalent Regulations in Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. DWI/WRAS approval process: coating system submitted for testing under BS 6920 (suitability of non-metallic products for use in contact with water intended for human consumption); tests assess effect on taste, odour, appearance, and concentration of substances leaching into water; approval granted for specific substrate and coating thickness; coating must be applied by trained applicator according to DWI-approved product data sheet; DWI maintains approved products list. Key approved drinking water contact coatings: (1) Epoxy coatings: Jotun Jotatemp 90 (cold-cure epoxy, DWI approved); Hempel Hempadur 4888 (amine-cured epoxy); Resicoat R4 (Sherwin-Williams, solvent-free epoxy for water tanks, NSF/ANSI 61 listed); (2) Glass fused to steel: CST Industries Aquastore, Permastore (enamel fused to corrugated steel panels at 850 degrees C; AWWA D103 standard; no organic coating; lifelong water contact approval; used for potable water reservoirs and STW sludge tanks); (3) Polyurethane coatings: Belzona 3111 (submersible grade polyurethane, DWI approved for water contact); (4) Cementitious linings: sulphate-resisting Portland cement mortar (BS EN 206; BS EN 1504-2 for concrete surface protection; approved for concrete tanks); (5) WRAS approval: independently tested by WRc, BBA, or other UKAS-accredited body; WRAS Approved Products list searchable at wras.co.uk.

    How are large concrete water storage tanks designed?

    Large concrete water storage tanks (service reservoirs, balancing tanks, contact tanks) are designed to BS EN 1992-3:2006 (Eurocode 2, Part 3: liquid retaining and containment structures). Design process: (1) Site investigation: ground conditions (bearing capacity for foundation design; settlement analysis; groundwater level; contamination); seismicity (BS EN 1998-4 for tanks in seismic zones). (2) Structural loads: hydrostatic pressure (rho x g x h, where rho = 1,000 kg/m3 for water, 1,025 kg/m3 for seawater; factored by gamma_F = 1.2 to 1.35); earth pressure on buried sections (Rankine or Coulomb active pressure); groundwater buoyancy (uplift = gamma_w x h_w x area; uplift resistance by self-weight and tension piles if insufficient); temperature gradients; concrete shrinkage and creep (long-term effects significant for crack width control). (3) Crack width control: BS EN 1992-3 watertightness class W1: maximum crack width 0.2 mm (under rare load combination); minimum crack width 0.05 mm for W2; reinforcement designed to limit crack widths using minimum steel percentages (0.2 to 0.4 percent of cross-sectional area depending on element thickness); cover to reinforcement: 40 to 50 mm nominal for XC4/XS1 exposure class. (4) Wall thickness: typical 200 to 500 mm for service reservoir walls depending on height and span; base slab 250 to 600 mm; prestressed concrete allows thinner sections (wall 150 to 300 mm). (5) Joint design: movement joints every 20 to 30 m (waterstop: Duraseal, Sika or Greenstreak type; 250 to 300 mm wide PVC or HDPE; fully bonded to concrete); construction joints (roughened surface, 20 mm aggregate exposure; continuity reinforcement; PVC or steel flat waterstop).

    What is glass-fused-to-steel and why is it used for water tanks?

    Glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) is a tank construction method where vitreous enamel coating (silicon dioxide-based glass compound) is fused to steel panels at kiln temperatures of 820 to 870 degrees C, creating a chemically bonded glass-steel composite with superior corrosion resistance and a smooth, non-porous surface. Manufacturing process: steel panels (3 to 12 mm, corrugated or smooth) cleaned and acid-etched; glass slip (powdered glass compound) applied by spray or electrostatic deposition; fired in kiln at 840 to 860 degrees C for 3 to 6 minutes; glass melts and bonds to steel surface; typical coating thickness 200 to 500 um; process repeated for second coat application; factory inspection (holiday test, 1,000 to 1,500 V DC spark test to BS EN ISO 8289; pinhole-free surface required). Field assembly: prefabricated panels (typically 1.2 to 2.4 m x 0.9 to 1.2 m) bolted together with EPDM or silicone gaskets (WRAS/DWI approved); typical bolt pitch 150 to 200 mm on flanges; bolt tensioning to manufacturer's specification (typically 25 to 50 Nm); no field welding required (reduces on-site quality risk). Advantages: DWI approved for drinking water contact (no organic coating required); life expectancy 30 to 50 years with inspection and gasket maintenance; resistant to biofouling (smooth glass surface, Ra less than 0.5 um); resistant to UV degradation; field assembly without hot work permits (important for explosion-risk sites); disadvantages: higher unit cost than painted steel (typically 1.3 to 1.8 times premium); potential for panel damage during transport; chip repair required if glass damaged. Standards: AWWA D103 (factory-coated bolted steel tanks for water storage); CST Industries Aquastore and Permastore are the leading UK suppliers. Applications: potable water reservoirs (500 to 5,000 m3), STW sludge digestate tanks, anaerobic digestion tanks, biogas storage.

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    Infrastructure, Networks & Equipment

    Tank Fabrication Companies

    Tank fabricators across all materials and applications: GRP/FRP, HDPE, stainless steel, concrete, and glass-lined storage and process tanks.

    20 providers

    This page is a good fit if you need:

    • Acid Dosing Systems or Aerated Lagoons, MABR capabilities
    • Suppliers with asset maintenance & rehabilitation sector experience
    • Providers operating in United Kingdom or Indonesia
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    Find a Tank Fabrication Provider

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    20 results from 20 matched providers

    Ecosystems International logo

    Ecosystems International

    Verified
    Indonesia51-200 employees
    Flat Sheet Microfiltration Units · Hollow Fiber MF Systems · Ceramic Microfiltration Modules +80 more
    apac · china · europe +3 more

    PT Ecosystems International (PT ESI) was established at Jakarta on 21st November 2006. We are an industrial effluent treatment systems integrator specializing in electrocoagulation (EC), a unique waste water treatment profile. PT ESI has capabilities in designing complete waste water treatment solutions by combining various effluent treatment systems such as the electro-coagulation, biological, chemical processes and membrane filtration, offering its customers a wide and comprehensive range of solutions, tailored to suit their various needs – ranging from basic effluent treatment for discharge to effluent recycling for water reuse. The Company is experienced in handling the design, engineering, procurement, construction and operation of new Effluent Treatment Plants (“ETP”) and possesses expertise in retrofitting existing ETP to increase the flow rate and treatment capability without any major infrastructure increase PT ESI is also a premier waste water treatment service company specializing in handling waste water generated from Exploration (Drilling) and Produced Water. Customers in Indonesia include major Oil & Gas companies such as Pertamina, Exxon, Chevron, Petro-China and Medco. Operations in Indonesia are provided by both mobile and fixed units. At drill sites where waste-water recycling is required, PT ESI supplement these treatment units with skid mounted mobile Reverse Osmosis systems. The technologies and solutions employed by PT ESI are developed in-house and examples of these are its proprietary Trident™ Electro Contaminant Removal (“ECR”) system, the Stage Contaminant Removal (“SCR”) process and Mobile On-Site Waste-Water Treatment (“OWT”) units

    Reverse Osmosis (RO) Systems
    Ultrafiltration (UF) Systems
    Multi-media Filtration (MMF) Systems
    +63 more
    agriculture
    manufacturing
    PNR ITALIA Srl logo

    PNR ITALIA Srl

    Verified
    Italy51-200 employees
    Spray Evaporator · Self-cleaning Screen Filters
    apac · europe · latam +2 more
    19 case studies

    We produce a comprehensive range of spraying solutions, encompassing everything from small-scale nozzles to large industrial spraying systems. Our diverse product line includes various types of nozzles tailored to meet the specific requirements of every application and customer need. The company was established in Milan in November 1968, focusing on distributing parts and components for fire protection systems. Over time, we expanded our offerings to include a diverse range of industrial sprayers tailored to various applications. In addition to our distribution and manufacturing of fire protection system components and industrial sprayers, we specialize in designing and producing pneumatic spray nozzles for industrial use and tank washing nozzles. Our product line also encompasses a variety of complementary accessories essential for industrial washing, including filters, spray guns, and hoses. Furthermore, we offer ejectors, blower nozzles, swivel joints, and hose clamps to provide comprehensive solutions for our customers' needs. PNR Italia is part of the Tecomec Group and oversees four other affiliated companies to form PNR Company, a consolidated reality with a significant presence on the market.

    Microfiltration (MF) Systems
    Disinfection Technologies
    Disinfection Chemicals
    +7 more
    agriculture
    manufacturing
    Siltbuster Group logo

    Siltbuster Group

    United Kingdom

    Established for over 20 years, the Siltbuster Limited provides rapidly deployable, “modular off the shelf” water treatment solutions to the construction, industrial and municipal markets, with a client base ranging from the world’s most recognisable multi-national corporations to small enterprises. Siltbuster provides a wide range of water and wastewater treatment equipment for the industrial and municipal markets, including: Packaged lamella dissolved air flotation (DAF) units. Lamella clarifiers. Packaged biological treatment systems. Oil/water separators. Pipe flocculators. Reaction tanks. Containerised dosing systems. In the UK, Siltbuster has pioneered the concept of offering this plant through our extensive hire fleet. Approximately 20 major contracts and circa 50 smaller projects are undertaken each year for a diverse range of clients, many of which are some of the UK’s best-known companies. In addition to the industrial/municipal sector, Siltbuster has undertaken a number of mine water treatment projects in many countries, for example, the UK, Ireland, Greece, France, USA, Canada, Australia and Slovakia. The Siltbuster team pride themselves in their ability to react rapidly and in compliance with the project constraints, delivering mobile or permanent solutions tailored to meet your individual needs.

    Treatment Process Technologies
    Asset Maintenance & Rehabilitation
    JK Fabrications Ltd logo

    JK Fabrications Ltd

    United Kingdom

    With over 30 years of experience delivering expertise in the industry, JK Fabrications Ltd has become one of the front runners and will keep challenging ourselves and others to improve our Environment as we believe that; Our Environment, is our Future. At JK Fabrications, we are an engineering company that takes pride in our family roots, with an aim to continue to successfully grow our business. Our company values are incorporated into everything we carry out and we seek to work with like-minded companies. Established in 1998, JK Fabrications specialises in efficent, effective, and environmentally sensitive solutions to the Water Treatment, Waste Water, Waste to Energy, and Pharmaceuticals Industry. With over 30 years of experience delivering expertise in the industry, JK Fabrications has become one of the front runners and will keep challenging ourselves and others to improve our Environment as we believe that ‘Our Environment, is our Future’. With the ease of access to Northern Ireland’s principal motorway network and equal distance between both Belfast Airports and Dublin Airport, JK Fabrications’ 50,000 Sq/ft premises in Newry are the perfect location to produce and deliver your project. Design We have a fully equipped in-house design team with over 65 years of combined technical, manufacturing, and sector-specific experience, that are highly skilled and trained using the very latest design software. Manufacture We have built our reputation by producing specialised products for the waste-to-energy, wastewater, water treatment, and pharmaceutical industries. Our experienced welders and fabricators along with our state-of-the-art machinery make sure that each project is carried out to a high standard. Install We have an experienced installation team with a dedicated core team of engineers, mechanical fitters, and coded welders who have over 30 years of experience in the supply and installation of our fabricated products for a wide range of projects throughout the UK and Ireland. Commission Our experienced commissioning engineers will attend the site to oversee the installation of systems, plants, and equipment. They will commission, test, and optimise the equipment as well as provide the operators with operation and maintenance manuals. Products include: Stainless Steel Pipework | Stainless Steel Vessels (inc Pressure Vessels) | Mild Steel Pipework | Lamellas | Picket Fence Thickeners | Rectangular Bridge Scrapers | Half Bridge Scrapers | Conical Settlement Tanks

    Pipeline & Pipework Products
    Accreditations
    Alpha Plus Ltd logo

    Alpha Plus Ltd

    United Kingdom

    Founded in 1987 Alpha Plus Limited have been providing quality pipework, fabrication and installation of pipework, structures and mechanical plant for the utility, waste management, industrial / commercial and manufacturing sectors. Alpha Plus is committed to providing clients with innovative, cost effective, high quality solutions. We work closely with clients providing design, fabrication and installation to a high quality using approved standards and up to date technologies. We provide a wide range of services with a wealth of experience in the following areas: Pipework. Installation. Structural. Design and project management. Site Maintenance. Alpha Plus has successfully completed numerous contracts, varying in size from £10,000 to £3M+ , usually as lead mechanical installer of varying values in the following areas. Potable Water The installation of new and refurbishment of existing filters (RGF, DAF, GAC & RO), chemical dosing equipment and LP Block/Leopold flooring. Works include manufacture and installation of: Filter internals. Aeration and process pipework. Access steelwork. Launders. Weir plates. Installation of pumps, blowers and associated mechanical packages, trough plates, media and penstocks. Wastewater Installation of various designs of deep beds filters, submerged aeration filters, sequencing batch reactors, digesters, activated sludge plant, tertiary filters, centrifuges, screens, classifiers. Works include manufacture and installation of: Filter internals. Aeration and process pipework. Access steelwork. Launders. Weir plates. Installation of pumps, blowers and associated mechanical packages, trough plates, media and penstocks. Waste to Energy/Power Generation Installation of biogas CHP systems, waste incineration plants, electrostatic precipitator installations, gas scrubber installations, digester heating/circulation and internals. Works include manufacture and installation of: High pressure super heated/saturated and low pressure steam. Natural gas. Fuel oil. Compressed/instrument air. Chemical dosing pipework. Access and support structures. Pipe bridges. Large bore ducting up to 2000mm (mild steel and stainless). Ash transfer systems. GRP acid/alkaline pipework. Installation of pumps, driers, scrubber vessels, tanks and associated mechanical packages.

    Mapping & Modelling
    Accreditations
    Cadman Cranes Ltd logo

    Cadman Cranes Ltd

    United Kingdom

    Cadman Cranes is a leading provider of lifting solutions in the UK with over 50 years’ experience and a reputation for quality, reliability and safety. At the very forefront of sustainability within the industry, Cadman Cranes offer responsible and collaborative turn-key solutions across all industries. From depots in Colchester and Brentwood, Cadman is ideally positioned to cover the East of England and beyond, living and breathing its mission to provide safe lifting solutions to industry and communities in a collaborate, considerate and sustainable way. Cadman has always placed great importance on delivering so much more than just crane hire. Its values are focussed on the success of its clients, its people and its community, and it takes great pride in going the extra mile on every job, no matter how big or small. Cadman Cranes add value to your hard work and offer a full-service lifting solution that goes far beyond just crane hire. It doesn’t just look for customers, it looks for partnerships based on trust, quality and safety. Services include: Contract lift services: Our complete package service is ideal for those who require a fully managed lifting solution, removing your risk and liability, and ensuring that we deal with all of the ‘heavy lifting’. Crane hire services: Cadman Cranes is the leading crane rental company in the East of England, providing crane hire across London, Essex, East Anglia, and all over the UK. With cranes available 24/7, 365 days a year, we are well positioned to keep your operations moving. Tank clearance, dredging, and grab solutions: Cadman Cranes offers innovative tank clearance solutions with our custom-designed grab attachment. The remote-controlled grab, mounted to the hooks of our mobile cranes, can reach up to 60 meters and handle a variety of materials, including sewage waste, sludge, grit, mud, and sand. This service is ideal for wastewater treatment plants, sewage facilities, digester tanks, aeration tanks, ports, and any industrial sites that require regular tank cleaning, maintenance, or dredging. Specialist lifting equipment for utility installation projects: Utilising our range of specialist lifting equipment, we have assisted on some of the most complex utility installation projects throughout the East of England, solving problems currently unimaginable by other mobile crane hire companies. Our innovative Compact Crawler Cranes, in combination with our remote-controlled telescopic hydraulic grab, have proved invaluable in providing the highest level of service and crane hire to the utilities sector. If you would like to work with Cadman Cranes or are looking to add a safe and considerate crane hire solution to your list of approved suppliers, Cadman would love to hear from you.

    Asset Maintenance & Rehabilitation
    AJ Engineering & Construction Services Ltd logo

    AJ Engineering & Construction Services Ltd

    United Kingdom

    AJ Engineering & Construction Services Ltd provide a wide spectrum of engineering services ranging from steel fabrication and CNC machining to cladding and civil engineering, with our highly experienced team we provide on-time, on-budget quality solutions. From our bases in Forres and Fort William, and a team accustomed to travel we can meet our client’s needs wherever required. Having worked on various water and wastewater treatment projects for the past 25 years we have developed a great working relationship with water companies across the UK. Our in-house capabilities allow us to offer a turnkey service to our clients from reactive maintenance and manufacturing to planned infrastructure and non-infrastructure projects. Many of the projects we undertake in the water sector are within water treatment and wastewater treatment plants where cleanliness is paramount, all our water sector site teams hold certification and Water Hygiene cards. Our range of services collated into one means that we can take on multiple discipline contracts and deliver them as one which provides our clients with a number of advantages. It removes the need to have multiple contractors on site at once. Benefits in cost savings passed down on procuring large amounts of steel for a side wide project. Little risk of dimensional discrepancies between contractors We work alongside framework delivery partners throughout the UK providing the services below; Steel portal frame buildings (design, fabrication, erection & cladding) Design, manufacture and installation of pipe bridges Design, manufacture and installation of site wide access metalwork (walkways, access stairs, ladders etc) Design, manufacture and installation of modular water buildings transportable by road. Design of various process tanks, pipework and pumps. Fabrication of tanks and pipework (stainless and carbon) Mechanical Installation Modular Treatment Buildings and Mechanical Fit-out SR2 rated steel enclosures (quicker than GRP Kiosks) We appreciate how important quality and cleanliness is in the water sector and we are proud that we have completely segregated facilities for stainless steel and carbon steel. In addition to this we are also approved under the regulations 31(4)(A) of the water supply regulations 2016 to supply stainless steel and pipework fabrications to the drinking water sector.

    Networks - Sewerage
    Asset Maintenance & Rehabilitation
    Hydro International logo

    Hydro International

    United Kingdom

    Hydro International, a CRH company,  provides advanced products, services and expertise to help municipal, industrial and construction customers to improve their water management processes, increase operational performance and reduce environmental impact. Hydro International can help water companies meet their AMP and environmental obligations, including the reduction of sewer overflows and the Water Industry National Environment Programme (WINEP). Hydro International provides total solutions for Inlet Works, Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs), Stormwater Management, Flood Warning and Prevention, and Water Resource management, from design to supply and installation through to ongoing preventative maintenance, servicing and emergency repair.  These solutions include: Hydrometric data collection, monitoring analysis and reporting for river level, reservoir, network and weather. Continuous water quality monitoring for compliance with Section 82 of the Environment Act. Water resource analysis and consultancy. Stormwater management solutions, including options for Sustainable Drainage Systems. (SuDS) and Smart Maintenance. CSO event duration monitoring. CSO and storm tank treatment and screening. Passive flow controls for flood prevention schemes, SuDS, CSOs and WwTWs. Inlet works screening and grit removal solutions. Sludge screening. Dropping sewage or water safely from height. Hire, repair and maintenance of inlet works screens and screenings handling equipment

    Networks - Sewerage
    Asset Maintenance & Rehabilitation
    ABC Stainless Ltd logo

    ABC Stainless Ltd

    United Kingdom

    ABC Stainless Ltd (formed in 1981) are a specialist stainless steel company, offering a full range of services including design, manufacture, supply, installation and commissioning to main contractors and Water Authorities, in the Water Industry. We supply a diverse range of stainless steel products to both WTW and WwTW, including our unique ‘Weldless Collar Pipe System’. This system minimises site fabrication and attendance, supplying prefabricated pipe spools for installation. We welcome enquiries relating to both sheet, plate & tube in all grades of stainless steel including exotic and aluminum, manufacturing stainless steel pipework systems (metric, schedule, dairy etc.), biogas systems, hygienic tanks, pressure & vacuum vessels, platforms, launders, pen stocks, screens, skid process units, weirs etc. DWI Approval We have ISO 9001:2008 accreditation and Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI 56.4.516) manufacturing approval for our ‘Weldless Collar Pipe System’, and ABC Storage, Process Tanks & Vessels, this is under regulation 31(4)(a) of the Water Supply (Water Quality) regulations 2000 No.3184 & the Water Supply (Water Quality) regulations 2001(Wales) No.3911. In all cases, products are manufactured specifically for each project after full discussion with our clients and our own design office. We offer a full design & draughting service using the latest 3D modelling software. Material certification, quality plans, procedures, employee certification and testing are available upon request, with third party Insurer witness testing where required. We offer a range of material finishes including bead blast, bright (mirror) polished, satine (brushed) polished and 2B.

    Renewables & Energy Management
    Accreditations
    Eliquo Hydrok Ltd logo

    Eliquo Hydrok Ltd

    United Kingdom

    ELIQUO HYDROK works with all major UK and Ireland water companies, providing practical water engineering solutions. As a specialist engineering firm with head office in Indian Queens, ELIQUO HYDROK operates at the forefront of innovative and sustainable water treatment technologies. We support the entire UK water sector, supplying every water company. Part of ELIQUO WATER GROUP, the extensive portfolio includes solutions for wastewater management, wastewater treatment, clean water treatment and surface water management; Mecana PCMF, aeration technologies, CSO screens, flow controls, storm tank flushing and Raw Water Intake Screens. Plus, a sludge treatment portfolio that helps reduce costs, improve efficiency, and meet environmental compliance requirements – through systems like ELOVAC® for vacuum degassing, and other integrated technologies in biogas, digestion, dewatering and drying. With established teams in Cornwall, Wolverhampton and Wombwell, ELIQUO HYDROK are well-equipped to support operations – from start to finish; with design, manufacture, management and install capabilities – across the UK and Ireland. This wealth of in-house expertise is backed by a forward-thinking mindset to help customers achieve their long-term goals sustainably; to deliver results in AMP 8 and beyond.

    Treatment Works Products/Services
    Asset Maintenance & Rehabilitation
    Concrete Repairs Ltd logo

    Concrete Repairs Ltd

    United Kingdom

    Concrete Repairs Limited (CRL) is a specialist asset maintenance contractor who is here to help you with the inspection, repair & refurbishment of your concrete water assets. CRL provide comprehensive repair and refurbishment services tailored to the needs of the water and wastewater sector throughout the UK. These include the inspection, repair, refurbishment and upgrading of service reservoirs, contact tanks, water towers & wastewater treatment plants. With over 65 years of experience, CRL understands the importance of maintaining water quality and supply to customers. Therefore, when planning repairs, we prioritise effective programming of the work and optimal utilization of the assets being repaired. Our choice of repair methodologies and materials always reflects this commitment. At CRL, we pride ourselves on being a reliable partner to the water companies. We collaborate closely with them to identify problems early, quantify the necessary repairs, and establish a timeline for refurbishment. Throughout this process, we focus on ensuring the longevity and optimal performance of the assets. CRL provide proven and successful cost-effective repair and refurbishment options which meet our clients’ objectives of upgrading and increasing the life of their structures. CRL is capable of undertaking individual projects of up to £20M, either under competitive tender, or through Partnering/Framework arrangements. Our broad experience across various sectors ensures we deliver efficient, robust, and technically advanced services.

    Asset Maintenance & Rehabilitation
    Sewer Inspections
    Hayes GFS Ltd logo

    Hayes GFS Ltd

    United Kingdom

    Hayes GFS Ltd are recognised throughout the water industry as experts in the supply, installation and refurbishment of glass-fused-to-steel tanks, epoxy coated tanks and stainless steel tanks, from anaerobic digesters to potable water storage solutions to Nerada tanks. Our experience as framework suppliers to many UK water companies and having worked on projects throughout the Europe, America and the Middle East, has given us an unprecedented insight into the needs and demands of a variety of distinguished clients. Services include: The supply and installation of Permastore glass-fused-to-steel tanks and silos, fusion bonded epoxy, stainless steel tanks and GRP roofs. On-site tank surveys and condition reports. Emergency repairs. Refurbishment and replacement of existing tanks and roofs. Design, manufacture, supply and retrospective fitting of all tank related ancillaries, including access steelwork, decant pipework, tank Insulation and cladding.

    Project Planning & Surveying
    Asset Maintenance & Rehabilitation
    George Green (Keighley) Ltd logo

    George Green (Keighley) Ltd

    United Kingdom

    Founded in 1900, George Green are mechanical engineers specialising in the fabrication of steel pipework and structural steelwork. We predominantly serve the water industry, supplying all aspects of work including: CARBON/STAINLESS PIPEWORK Bends | Duckfoot Bends | Lobster Backs | Equal Tees | Reducing Tees | Con Reds | Flat Top Tapers | Manifold & Bellmouths | We can also offer competitive alternative designs to Ductile Iron Pipework. BRIDGE SCRAPERS: The rotating half bridge scraper is designed to remove settled sludge and scum from circular settlement tanks, which rotates about a central pivot and its outer end is fitted with an end carriage which carries the bridge drive and wheel assemblies. PRESSURISED STORAGE CONTAINERS: We produce a range of pressurised storage and transport containers for the safe handling of very expensive spare parts (turbine rotors and pump impellors). We have our own 10,000 sq ft facility and our service covers all mainland UK, European and worldwide markets. We have a range of accreditations: ISO 9001– 14001 – 45001. CE Marking BS EN 1090. DWI Approval for Stainless Steel Pipework.

    Pipeline & Pipework Products
    Contractors
    FLI Precast Solutions logo

    FLI Precast Solutions

    United Kingdom

    FLI Precast Solutions (formerly FLI Carlow) provide design, engineering and manufacturing services for the off-site manufacture of specialist concrete infrastructure and attenuation systems. Our markets include Water, Wastewater, Energy and Storm Attenuation in the UK & Ireland and bespoke projects globally. SERVICES INCLUDE Design, engineering and manufacturing services for the off-site manufacture of specialist concrete infrastructure and attenuation systems. Design to national and international water industry standards and our semi-precast modular designs make us the industry leader in off-site concrete engineering and manufacture. By early involvement and integrating with our clients’ design teams we can accelerate and improve design optimisation and reduce cost. The value is in the solution, and off-site manufacturing and fabrication leads to higher efficiencies and lower risks and costs. Framework agreements enable us to add more value through collaboration, innovation, economies of scale, supply chain partnering and cost management. Our products and designs are engineered to provide solutions to many challenges facing our clients: water retention, water storage, water conveyancing, water management, water treatment, fire-resistance criteria, chemical resistance parameters, infrastructural products, retaining walls, coastal erosion, decorative walls, to name a few. We are a solutions provider using innovative off-site concrete engineering and our industry leading semi-precast modular designs. The company is part of the FLI Group which is a diversified group of companies providing environmental solutions, services and technologies to private and public sector customers in the UK, France, Ireland and throughout the world. PRODUCTS INCLUDE Service reservoirs Process settlement tanks (PST / HST / FST / etc) Storm & attenuation tanks (network or site based) Process structures (ASP / TSR / GAC / RGF / etc) MCC service foundations Bund wall system Chambers Channel & lids Comms chambers Multi-purpose chambers Bespoke culverts Holding tanks Barriers Demountable fence supports (international airport approved) Ballast blocks Dry flow channelling Foundation bases Blast fence supports

    Precast Concrete
    Concrete Works
    Step on Safety Ltd logo

    Step on Safety Ltd

    United Kingdom

    INDUSTRY-LEADING ANTI-SLIP GRP ACCESS SOLUTIONS: Step on Safety was founded in 2007, taking the market by storm with a selection of specialist anti-slip flooring and GRP products that have a proven, technical advantage over traditional materials. For the first time, an industry saturated with dated solutions was given a choice – advanced, versatile composites that work. We are an ISO 9001-accredited supplier of composite (GRP) slip-resistant access structures and flooring and provide a variety of industries with design, fabrication and installation solutions, including the Water, Gas, Electricity and Nuclear industries, Public, Health, Motor, Stadium, Industrial, Construction and Rail sectors. From providing a simple Hop Over to protect pipes and cables to working on multi-million pound projects such Southern Water’s Portbello Pumping Station and Anglian Water’s London Road WTW, no job is considered to large or too small. Our team is based out of a large workshop in Suffolk and comprises over 70 GRP experts. Every member of our staff is fully qualified and has extensive knowledge of the composites industry – some with on-site construction knowledge, others with years of fabrication experience. We strive to deliver competitively priced products on time, in full, every time. SOLUTIONS INCLUDE Hop Overs & Step Overs Access Ladders, Stairs & Ramps Maintenance Platforms Walkways & Gantries Bund Floors Sump & Tank Covers Handrails Machine Guards GRP is a superb alternative to traditional steel construction. It is impervious to water and most chemicals so never rusts or rots. It’s lightweight and impact resistant and the anti-slip qualities remain even when wet, icy or oily. It never needs painting or treating and does not chip or fade.

    Health & Safety
    Access Systems (Stairways, Walkways & Handrailing)
    Aqua Safety Showers International Ltd logo

    Aqua Safety Showers International Ltd

    United Kingdom

    Aqua Safety Showers International Ltd is one of the leading UK manufacturers of emergency safety showers and eyebaths for the UK water companies. Self-contained tank showers (tepid water), frost protected mains fed showers, portable and mobile showers. Self-contained eyebaths (tepid water), frost protected eyebaths and mains fed eyebaths. Wash down retractable hose reels with optional heavy duty heated cabinet.

    Health & Safety
    Haigh Environmental Company Ltd (Part of the Haigh Group Ltd) logo

    Haigh Environmental Company Ltd (Part of the Haigh Group Ltd)

    United Kingdom

    Suppliers of FujiClean Sewage Treatment Systems & Manufacturers of Inlet Screeners Haigh Environmental is part of the Haigh Group Ltd, an established provider of specialist water and waste services in the UK, employing around 120 people. Providing next-generation water treatment solutions that protect our waterways for future generations is at the heart of our business. Driven by impact, not profit, we pride ourselves on our open-minded, transparent approach, taking a long-term view on the right solutions for our clients and local communities. We supply a range of screens and package water treatment plants, including the pioneering FujiClean system – with excellent results across all relevant metrics. Simplicity is at the heart of our value proposition. As a response to increased environmental permit requirements, complex solutions have emerged across the water industry in a piecemeal fashion, often leading to non-standardised, expensive and over-engineered systems. Working together with utility companies, contractors and communities, we are leveraging the expertise of our experienced team to offer practical, cost-effective and standardised alternatives to septic tanks and conventional chemical dosing treatment options.

    Designers
    Accreditations
    Carlow Concrete logo

    Carlow Concrete

    United Kingdom

    Carlow Concrete is a market leader in water retaining precast concrete structures in both the United Kingdom and Ireland. Production at our state of the art plant in the South East of Ireland is carried out using the most modern and innovative methods and equipment, for the quality production of our products ensuring the highest standards of quality and specification compliance are achieved every time. As part of the Burren Precast Concrete Group, the company has the resources and infrastructure to meet the high demands of our customers in relation to quality of service and product. Our organisation benefits from a team with combined expertise of over 100 years in the precast industry. The company has the technical expertise, the flexibility in production methods and the resources to Interpret, Design, Manufacture and Assemble to the highest standards to meet the requirements of its customers, bringing modern methods of construction through the benefits of off-site construction, building information modelling (BIM) and highly experienced installation teams. Our expansive range of products are devised specifically for both water and wastewater projects and are unrivaled in terms of design, quality and ease of installation. Our solutions offer international, national and customer specification compliances and meet all water companies’ asset standards throughout the UK & Ireland. Site installations typically achieve 25% to 50% reduction in programme with fewer people and plant requirements, meaning substantial savings to both preliminary and direct costs. Stormwater attenuation. Flood alleviation. Service reservoirs. Precast filter bed wall and tile system. Activated sludge plant. Final/primary settlement tanks. Retaining walls.

    Storage Tanks
    Contractors
    Roperhurst Limited logo

    Roperhurst Limited

    United Kingdom

    Roperhurst: a UK in-house designer, manufacturer and installer of fume and odour control treatment plant and equipment, chemical storage vessels, dosing and delivery systems. Since 1976 Roperhurst has worked with a range of customers, big and small, global and local, on specialist plastic and environmental engineering projects. Roperhurst is quality certified to ISO9001:2015, SSIP approved and a long-standing member of BESA. Fume/odour: Roperhurst delivers a comprehensive proven range of solutions including catalytic iron filters, carbon absorbers, bio-filters, bio-scrubbers, biogas and chemical scrubbers. Utilising either organic or synthetic media filled units, all designed and built at our UK manufacturing facility, and each offering a green, smart and simple-to-operate solution to your fume, odour and VOC problems. Chemical storage/dosing/delivery: Roperhurst offers bespoke tanks and vessels for the safe long-term storage of chemicals, each specifically matched to meet your individual needs. Additionally, we fabricate and install dosing cabinets and day tanks with dual containment delivery pipework, all designed to dispense chemicals safely to the point of consumption. Delivery ductwork: Plastic ductwork for dealing with fume/odours created by chemical, biological or radiological processes have a high level of inherent risk.  This means that you need assurance that the ductwork will be fabricated correctly and installed competently. The UK standard for fabrication and installation of plastic ductwork is DW154, published by BESA, the Building Engineering Services Association (formerly HVCA).  Roperhurst is a UK market leader in this field: Roperhurst’s founder, Graham Handley, chaired the HVCA committee that wrote the 1st edition of DW154 in 2000. Roperhurst continues to work closely with BESA to improve standards. Roperhurst, as a BESA plastic ductwork specialist, ensures that our manufacturing and site work is regularly audited by external specialists to ensure that our work meets all current standards. Roperhurst is one of the few plastic ductwork specialists with its own in-house fibreglass division and specialist installation and testing teams. At Roperhurst we don’t need to rely on sub-contractors to produce elements of the project, which can be a cause of quality and compliance issues. Our plastics fabricator welders are time served and certified to BS EN 13067, and our laminators have been assessed under BS 4994.

    Designers
    Industrial Pipework Services logo

    Industrial Pipework Services

    United Kingdom

    At Industrial Pipework Services, we provide bespoke engineering services. With over 25 years’ experience IPS can offer complete mechanical engineering solutions including design, manufacture & installation services. Our experienced workforce are trained to the highest standards. IPS is situated within easy access to the M4 corridor approximately 30 minutes North of Cardiff. The company embraces innovative thinking while utilising the latest technology. IPS operating base comprises of 30,000 square foot of workshops, offices and assembly areas.  The Workshops are fully segregated for the manufacture of both carbon steel and stainless-steel products and are serviced by dedicated overhead gantry cranes. With over two decades of engineering experience the company strives to combine first class engineering and design to deliver the high quality that is required.  The Company maintains a proactive approach, working closely with our Clients to achieve our collective aims for each scheme. This ambition is underpinned by an uncompromising commitment to attain the highest standards of health, safety and environmental care. IPS provides continued excellence in design, manufacturing and installation gained from many years experience within the industry. Our In-House design capability allows the company to provide a full engineering design service using the latest Auto CAD software packages. IPS offers a design service for both pipework and steelwork systems from proposal drawings to the production of as built drawings. IPS Design Office provides all relevant AutoCAD drawings for steelwork and pipework, Isometric drawings for fabrication, general layout drawings for plant and equipment and As Built drawings. Structural steelwork calculations and flow characteristics are also provided as required. IPS offer a full 3D surveying services and production of cloud point data for project modelling. IPS operates primarily within the Water Industry and provides services for both clean water and sewage. IPS is a Tier One Mechanical Engineering Specialists Provider to Dŵr Cymru Welsh Water and the Strategic Alliance. IPS operate nationally and have delivered projects throughout the UK for many Water Utility companies including Anglian Water, Thames Water and Bristol Water. Continual improvement into our infrastructure and the development of new IT systems has brought us to a level consistent with the requirements of our clients. IPS offers a complete project management service, including operation of Principal Contractor role as well as delivering turnkey projects. Experience gained in the water industry has enabled us to manage the competing demands of cost, quality and safety for all our projects.

    Networks - Water Supply
    Contractors

    Water and Wastewater Tank Fabrication: Standards, Materials, and Design Specification

    Tank fabrication for water storage, wastewater treatment, and industrial process applications encompasses a wide range of materials, sizes, and design standards. Steel tanks: welded steel tanks are the most common large-volume solution; carbon steel (ASTM A36, BS EN 10025 S275, S355); bolted steel (corrugated or smooth panel, factory powder-coated or hot-dip galvanised (HDG) to BS EN ISO 1461; field-assembled from sections; typical diameters 2 to 20 m; heights to 6 m; capacities 5 to 2,000 m3); welded steel (API 650 for atmospheric storage tanks; BS EN 14015 for above-ground welded steel flat-bottom vertical cylindrical tanks; capacities to 100,000 m3 for large reservoirs; foundation requirements: ring beam for large tanks, engineered granular pad for smaller; settlement monitoring for post-construction). Stainless steel tanks: 304 or 316L stainless for food, beverage, pharmaceutical, and high-purity applications; hygienic design to EHEDG (European Hygienic Engineering and Design Group) guidelines; electropolished interior finish Ra less than 0.8 um; orbital welded joints; certification to PED 2014/68/EU for pressure tanks or AS/NZS 1692 for atmospheric. Concrete tanks: reinforced concrete (BS EN 1992, Eurocode 2); prestressed concrete (BS 8007, design of concrete structures for retaining aqueous liquids); cast in-situ or precast (BS EN 14843 for precast reinforced concrete tanks); capacities from 10 m3 (precast) to millions of m3 (in-situ reservoir); watertightness class W1 or W2 per BS EN 1992-3.

    GRP (glass reinforced plastic) and thermoplastic tanks: GRP tanks (filament wound or hand lay-up; BS EN 13121-3 for above-ground GRP tanks; BS 4994 for GRP vessels for chemical processes; design pressure atmospheric to 1 MPa; diameter 0.5 to 10 m; chemical resistance superior to steel for acids, alkalis, and chlorinated compounds; weight 60 to 80 percent lighter than equivalent steel; lifespan 20 to 50 years with UV-stable gelcoat; glass/polyester or glass/vinyl ester resin systems; fire classification B-s2, d0 to Euroclass E per BS EN 13501-1); HDPE and polypropylene tanks (rotationally moulded for small volumes 100 to 30,000 L; fabricated for larger volumes; USP Class VI plastics for pharmaceutical contact; FDA-approved HDPE for food contact; chemical resistance chart (HDPE: suitable for HCl, H2SO4, NaOH, chlorinated solvents at concentrations to 30 percent; not suitable for aromatic hydrocarbons, strong oxidising acids above 30 percent)). Coatings and linings: internal coatings protect carbon steel from corrosion and provide chemical resistance; DWI/WRAS-approved drinking water coatings (NSF/ANSI 61 certified): Resicoat R4, Jotun Tankguard, Belzona 1131; coal tar epoxy (AWWA C210) for raw water storage; rubber lining (chlorobutyl, EPDM, natural rubber) for aggressive chemical service; glass fused to steel (Acer Industries, CST Industries) for municipal wastewater tanks (bioglass or enamel coating at 850 degrees C fused to steel panels; AWWA D103 standard for factory-coated bolted steel tanks).

    Tank design parameters and inspection: design life for water utility tanks: 50 to 100 years (concrete), 25 to 40 years (steel), 30 to 50 years (GRP); inspection regime: Water UK's Asset Management plans require regular inspection of service reservoirs and storage tanks; EA and DWI guidance on reservoir inspection (Large Reservoirs Act 1975 applies to impoundment reservoirs over 25,000 m3); annual inspection (visual); 10-year inspection (structural, with dewatering and confined space entry); ultrasonic thickness measurement of steel walls and floors (acceptance criterion: residual wall thickness greater than 75 percent of original design thickness). Testing: hydrostatic test before commissioning (fill with water, hold 24 to 72 hours, measure settlement and leakage; acceptance: less than 0.1 percent volume per 24 hours for watertight design); vacuum test of weld seams (0.02 MPa negative pressure applied to weld seam with soap solution; BS EN 14015 Clause 12); non-destructive examination of welds (radiographic (RT) or ultrasonic (UT) per API 650 Section 8 and 9; typically spot RT on 10 percent of butt welds for standard tanks). UK tank fabricators: Permastore, CST Industries, Enduramaxx (plastic), GRP Tanks Direct, Tank International, Protank, Elgin Tanks, Tuffa Tanks, Kingspan Environmental.

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    Frequently Asked Questions

    What standards apply to water storage tank fabrication in the UK?

    UK water storage tank fabrication standards: Above-ground welded steel flat-bottom tanks: BS EN 14015:2004 (specification for the design and manufacture of site built, vertical, cylindrical, flat-bottomed, above-ground, welded, steel tanks); API 650 (welded tanks for oil storage, also widely used for water); BS EN 1993-1-6 (design of steel structures, cylindrical shells, for shell buckling). Bolted steel tanks: AWWA D103 (factory-coated bolted steel tanks for water storage); BS EN 1993-1-6 applies to shell design. Concrete tanks: BS EN 1992-3:2006 (design of concrete structures for liquid retaining and containment); BS 8007:1987 (design of concrete structures for retaining aqueous liquids - withdrawn but still referenced); BS 8500 (concrete specification); watertightness class W1 (leakage through cracks limited to 0.1 percent volume of stored liquid per day) or W2 (no leakage through cracks). GRP tanks: BS EN 13121-3:2016 (underground and above-ground GRP tanks, design); BS 4994:1987 (GRP vessels and tanks for chemical processes - key design document for chemical service); LPS 1500 (Loss Prevention Certification for GRP tanks used in fire suppression). Pressure vessels (tanks operating above 0.5 bar): PED 2014/68/EU (Pressure Equipment Directive, UK retained PSSR 2000 and PED SIs); BS EN 13445 (unfired pressure vessels). Drinking water contact: all materials (tank linings, gaskets, coatings) must be DWI/WRAS approved (BS 6920 extraction test; NSF/ANSI 61 as alternative route). Reservoirs over 25,000 m3: Reservoirs Act 1975 (supervision by qualified civil engineer; inspection by independent panel engineer).

    What internal coatings are approved for drinking water tanks?

    Internal coatings for drinking water contact tanks must be approved by the Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI) under the Water Supply (Water Quality) Regulations 2016 (England) and equivalent Regulations in Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. DWI/WRAS approval process: coating system submitted for testing under BS 6920 (suitability of non-metallic products for use in contact with water intended for human consumption); tests assess effect on taste, odour, appearance, and concentration of substances leaching into water; approval granted for specific substrate and coating thickness; coating must be applied by trained applicator according to DWI-approved product data sheet; DWI maintains approved products list. Key approved drinking water contact coatings: (1) Epoxy coatings: Jotun Jotatemp 90 (cold-cure epoxy, DWI approved); Hempel Hempadur 4888 (amine-cured epoxy); Resicoat R4 (Sherwin-Williams, solvent-free epoxy for water tanks, NSF/ANSI 61 listed); (2) Glass fused to steel: CST Industries Aquastore, Permastore (enamel fused to corrugated steel panels at 850 degrees C; AWWA D103 standard; no organic coating; lifelong water contact approval; used for potable water reservoirs and STW sludge tanks); (3) Polyurethane coatings: Belzona 3111 (submersible grade polyurethane, DWI approved for water contact); (4) Cementitious linings: sulphate-resisting Portland cement mortar (BS EN 206; BS EN 1504-2 for concrete surface protection; approved for concrete tanks); (5) WRAS approval: independently tested by WRc, BBA, or other UKAS-accredited body; WRAS Approved Products list searchable at wras.co.uk.

    How are large concrete water storage tanks designed?

    Large concrete water storage tanks (service reservoirs, balancing tanks, contact tanks) are designed to BS EN 1992-3:2006 (Eurocode 2, Part 3: liquid retaining and containment structures). Design process: (1) Site investigation: ground conditions (bearing capacity for foundation design; settlement analysis; groundwater level; contamination); seismicity (BS EN 1998-4 for tanks in seismic zones). (2) Structural loads: hydrostatic pressure (rho x g x h, where rho = 1,000 kg/m3 for water, 1,025 kg/m3 for seawater; factored by gamma_F = 1.2 to 1.35); earth pressure on buried sections (Rankine or Coulomb active pressure); groundwater buoyancy (uplift = gamma_w x h_w x area; uplift resistance by self-weight and tension piles if insufficient); temperature gradients; concrete shrinkage and creep (long-term effects significant for crack width control). (3) Crack width control: BS EN 1992-3 watertightness class W1: maximum crack width 0.2 mm (under rare load combination); minimum crack width 0.05 mm for W2; reinforcement designed to limit crack widths using minimum steel percentages (0.2 to 0.4 percent of cross-sectional area depending on element thickness); cover to reinforcement: 40 to 50 mm nominal for XC4/XS1 exposure class. (4) Wall thickness: typical 200 to 500 mm for service reservoir walls depending on height and span; base slab 250 to 600 mm; prestressed concrete allows thinner sections (wall 150 to 300 mm). (5) Joint design: movement joints every 20 to 30 m (waterstop: Duraseal, Sika or Greenstreak type; 250 to 300 mm wide PVC or HDPE; fully bonded to concrete); construction joints (roughened surface, 20 mm aggregate exposure; continuity reinforcement; PVC or steel flat waterstop).

    What is glass-fused-to-steel and why is it used for water tanks?

    Glass-fused-to-steel (GFS) is a tank construction method where vitreous enamel coating (silicon dioxide-based glass compound) is fused to steel panels at kiln temperatures of 820 to 870 degrees C, creating a chemically bonded glass-steel composite with superior corrosion resistance and a smooth, non-porous surface. Manufacturing process: steel panels (3 to 12 mm, corrugated or smooth) cleaned and acid-etched; glass slip (powdered glass compound) applied by spray or electrostatic deposition; fired in kiln at 840 to 860 degrees C for 3 to 6 minutes; glass melts and bonds to steel surface; typical coating thickness 200 to 500 um; process repeated for second coat application; factory inspection (holiday test, 1,000 to 1,500 V DC spark test to BS EN ISO 8289; pinhole-free surface required). Field assembly: prefabricated panels (typically 1.2 to 2.4 m x 0.9 to 1.2 m) bolted together with EPDM or silicone gaskets (WRAS/DWI approved); typical bolt pitch 150 to 200 mm on flanges; bolt tensioning to manufacturer's specification (typically 25 to 50 Nm); no field welding required (reduces on-site quality risk). Advantages: DWI approved for drinking water contact (no organic coating required); life expectancy 30 to 50 years with inspection and gasket maintenance; resistant to biofouling (smooth glass surface, Ra less than 0.5 um); resistant to UV degradation; field assembly without hot work permits (important for explosion-risk sites); disadvantages: higher unit cost than painted steel (typically 1.3 to 1.8 times premium); potential for panel damage during transport; chip repair required if glass damaged. Standards: AWWA D103 (factory-coated bolted steel tanks for water storage); CST Industries Aquastore and Permastore are the leading UK suppliers. Applications: potable water reservoirs (500 to 5,000 m3), STW sludge digestate tanks, anaerobic digestion tanks, biogas storage.

    Case Study·Municipal drinking water
    Challenge

    A water company in the South West needed to replace a 4,000 m3 reinforced concrete service reservoir that had reached end of structural life (carbonation depth exceeding 55 mm cover, crack width 0.35 mm in hogging zones). The site was operational and the reservoir was the sole balancing storage for 28,000 properties; supply could not be interrupted for more than 72 hours.

    Approach

    A GFS bolted-steel replacement reservoir (CST Industries Aquastore, 4,200 m3, 20.4 m diameter, 14.5 m wall height) was erected alongside the existing structure while it remained in service. Panel delivery was scheduled in 6 shipments to fit the A30 access road constraints. All WRAS-approved EPDM gaskets were pressure-tested at 1.1 bar after assembly. The existing concrete reservoir was decommissioned and demolished only after the GFS tank had passed a 72-hour hydrostatic test and DWI-notified microbiological clearance.

    Outcome

    The new reservoir was operational within 14 weeks from panel delivery; supply was interrupted for only 8 hours during the final connection to the trunk main. The GFS tank required no internal coating application, eliminating 12 weeks of coating cure and DWI extraction testing. Whole-life cost comparison showed GFS at GBP 420/m3 installed versus in-situ concrete at GBP 580/m3 for this site, despite a higher per-panel material cost.

    Questions to Ask Shortlisted Providers

    1. 1

      Is the proposed tank material WRAS-approved for drinking water contact and can you provide the current DWI Approved Products List reference?

      Organic epoxy linings require periodic re-inspection and recoating; GFS avoids this cycle but must be confirmed on the current WRAS Approved Products List, as approvals are product-specific and expiry-dated.

    2. 2

      What gasket material do you specify and how often should gaskets be replaced under your recommended maintenance programme?

      EPDM gaskets in potable water tanks typically need replacement at 15 to 20 years; deferred gasket replacement is the primary cause of GFS tank leakage; the lifecycle cost of gasket replacement must be included in the whole-life cost comparison.

    3. 3

      How is the tank foundation designed for differential settlement and what bearing pressure does the design assume?

      A GFS or welded steel tank on a weak clay site can experience differential settlement that opens panel joints; the foundation engineer must be engaged before tank size and layout is finalised.

    4. 4

      What is the hydrostatic test protocol and what does it include beyond a simple fill-and-hold test?

      BS EN 14015 requires measurement of settlement during fill; vacuum testing of weld seams (for welded tanks); DWI also requires a microbiological clearance sample before water enters supply from a new tank.

    5. 5

      Does the tank design comply with BS EN 1992-3 or AWWA D103 and which code will the structural calculations be certified to?

      For concrete tanks, BS EN 1992-3 watertightness class W1 is the UK standard; for bolted steel tanks, AWWA D103 governs; mixing codes in the same structure or supply chain creates certification gaps that DWI inspectors identify during routine audits.

    What Drives Cost in This Category

    Material type and unit cost per m3 capacity

    GFS bolted steel costs GBP 300 to 500/m3 installed for 1,000 to 5,000 m3 tanks; in-situ reinforced concrete costs GBP 450 to 700/m3; the cross-over point at which concrete is cheaper depends heavily on ground conditions (poor bearing capacity favours smaller GFS panels with distributed loads over concrete slab).

    Foundation type and ground conditions

    A concrete ring beam for a 4,000 m3 GFS tank on clay costs GBP 80,000 to 150,000; a piled foundation for very soft ground adds GBP 120,000 to 300,000; these civils costs are frequently omitted from initial budgets based on supply-only tank quotations.

    Internal coating specification and application

    Epoxy internal coatings for carbon steel tanks cost GBP 25 to 60/m2 in materials and application; DWI extraction testing adds GBP 5,000 to 15,000; re-coating every 10 to 15 years adds a lifecycle cost of GBP 80,000 to 250,000 NPV over a 50-year asset life, which GFS eliminates.

    Access road and cranage constraints

    Abnormal-load transport of large welded steel sections or pre-assembled tank modules may require highway improvement at GBP 30,000 to 120,000; GFS bolted panel kits arrive in standard flatbed loads and can access most rural sites without highway restriction.

    Key Regulations & Standards

    BS EN 14015 and AWWA D103 for Tank Design

    Above-ground welded steel flat-bottom tanks must be designed to BS EN 14015 (UK/EU standard) or AWWA D100/D103 (US standard widely accepted in UK for bolted GFS tanks); structural calculations must be certified by a chartered structural engineer and retained in the project file.

    WS(WQ)R 2016 and WRAS Approval for Drinking Water Contact

    All materials in contact with water intended for human consumption must be WRAS-approved under BS 6920 extraction test criteria; tank construction materials (gaskets, coatings, inlet/outlet fittings) must be confirmed on the current WRAS Approved Products List before being used in potable water service.

    Reservoirs Act 1975 (Large Raised Reservoirs)

    Service reservoirs with more than 25,000 m3 capacity held above natural ground level are prescribed reservoirs under the Reservoirs Act 1975; they must be supervised by a qualified civil engineer and inspected by a Panel Engineer from the ICE Reservoirs Act Panel every 10 years; the EA can require immediate safety measures if the reservoir is found unsafe.

    CDM 2015 (Health and Safety File)

    Tank construction projects involving more than one contractor require a Principal Designer (CDM 2015) to coordinate H&S during the design phase and compile a Health and Safety File at project completion; the File must document: foundation design, tank material specifications, gasket replacement procedures, confined space entry protocols, and inspection access requirements.

    Explore Related Categories

    By Material

    GRP / FRP Tank CompaniesHDPE Tank CompaniesStainless Steel Tank CompaniesConcrete Tank CompaniesBladder & Pillow Tank Companies

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    Pressure Vessel CompaniesTank Coating & Lining CompaniesGeomembrane & Liner Companies

    Use Cases

    Industrial Water Treatment CompaniesRainwater Harvesting Equipment CompaniesModular Water Treatment Companies

    Browse the full provider directory

    Comparing tank fabrication companies is one slice of a larger shortlisting decision. Explore the complete directory of water treatment equipment manufacturers, then filter by region, sector, and technology before you request scoped proposals.

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