Wastewater & Infrastructure
Produced Water Treatment Companies
Oil & gas produced water solution providers, de-oiling, desalting, and reuse for fracking, injection, or discharge.
This page is a good fit if you need:
- Acid Dosing Systems or Aerated Lagoons, MABR capabilities
- Suppliers with agriculture sector experience
- Providers operating in Indonesia or United Kingdom
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Ecosystems International
PT Ecosystems International (PT ESI) was established at Jakarta on 21st November 2006. We are an industrial effluent treatment systems integrator specializing in electrocoagulation (EC), a unique waste water treatment profile. PT ESI has capabilities in designing complete waste water treatment solutions by combining various effluent treatment systems such as the electro-coagulation, biological, chemical processes and membrane filtration, offering its customers a wide and comprehensive range of solutions, tailored to suit their various needs – ranging from basic effluent treatment for discharge to effluent recycling for water reuse. The Company is experienced in handling the design, engineering, procurement, construction and operation of new Effluent Treatment Plants (“ETP”) and possesses expertise in retrofitting existing ETP to increase the flow rate and treatment capability without any major infrastructure increase PT ESI is also a premier waste water treatment service company specializing in handling waste water generated from Exploration (Drilling) and Produced Water. Customers in Indonesia include major Oil & Gas companies such as Pertamina, Exxon, Chevron, Petro-China and Medco. Operations in Indonesia are provided by both mobile and fixed units. At drill sites where waste-water recycling is required, PT ESI supplement these treatment units with skid mounted mobile Reverse Osmosis systems. The technologies and solutions employed by PT ESI are developed in-house and examples of these are its proprietary Trident™ Electro Contaminant Removal (“ECR”) system, the Stage Contaminant Removal (“SCR”) process and Mobile On-Site Waste-Water Treatment (“OWT”) units
Greenbank Group
A specialist engineering company with a global customer base. Greenbank provides a wide range of products and services to companies operating across a number of industries and is now establishing itself in the clean and wastewater sector. For many years the company has utilised the unique properties of volcanic basalt for lining products used in heavy industries such as power generation and minerals extraction. In partnership with Czech firm Eutit, the company has also been pioneering the use of basalt in the renovation and restoration of sewer systems in central European following a series of successful projects in Prague. As a result of devastating floods, the city’s sewer system was extensively rebuilt and upgraded with basalt being used in a number of key locations to provide a new level of security to the system. More than a decade on, the new system continues to perform well and has set a standard that’s now been followed in other European cities. Well suited for the most demanding of applications, thanks to the partnership between Greenbank and Eutit, a wide range of basalt solutions are now available in the UK market. These include products and systems that bring a wide range of benefits to the industry, including: Basalt tiles that can also be used to line existing brickwork, a more cost-effective solution than full replacement, and their reduced drag co-efficient means improved flow – in effect a smaller-diameter pipe or tunnel lined with basalt can carry a higher volume of water than a larger one with traditional brick surfaces. The effective life expectancy of basalt-lined sewer systems is between 100 and 200 years, thanks to their excellent resistance to abrasion and chemical damage – as well as the rigours of high-pressure water jetting that’s often used to clear unwanted blockages. For larger round or ovoid systems, basalt can be used in the lower sections to deal with the wear and tear with concrete upper sections to provide optimum life performance. Alternatively, steel pipes lined with basalt can be produced up to 3000mm diameter producing a lighter therefore lower cost installation option to thick wall concrete. Ease of installation and reduced maintenance costs make basalt ideal for bottom gutters, branch pipes and tubes and slip-resistant elements for walkways, and Greenbank can also supply bespoke-shaped tiles to meet the unique requirements of individual clients. With manufacturing facilities in Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire, supported by the additional capacity and expertise provided by the latest addition to the group, Franklyn Yates Engineering, Greenbank is well placed to react quickly and efficiently to the needs of new and existing clients.
Managing High-TDS, High-Metals Produced Water for Reuse and Discharge Compliance
Produced water from oil and gas operations is the largest volume byproduct of hydrocarbon extraction—a single conventional oil field can generate 5–10 barrels of produced water per barrel of oil produced, with unconventional shale operations producing variable but often lower ratios early in field life that increase with well maturity. Produced water composition varies dramatically: TDS from 1,000 mg/L in some basins to over 300,000 mg/L in tight-formation brines, with significant concentrations of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM), dissolved hydrocarbons, scaling ions (barium, strontium, calcium), and bacteria. Each basin's produced water has a distinct chemical signature that drives treatment technology selection.
Treatment pathways for produced water are determined by the intended end use. Hydraulic fracturing reuse—the fastest-growing application—requires removal of suspended solids, iron, bacteria, and scaling ions to fracture fluid compatibility limits, but does not require potable-quality treatment. Agricultural reuse requires much more stringent treatment including heavy metals removal and total dissolved solids reduction to below 1,000 mg/L. Discharge to surface water or publicly owned treatment works (POTWs) triggers technology-based effluent guidelines under 40 CFR Part 435, including benzene, toluene, and oil-and-grease limits. Deep well injection—the dominant management method—requires filtration and suspended solids removal to prevent injectivity loss in the disposal formation.
Zero liquid discharge (ZLD) for produced water is technically achievable through combinations of membrane brine concentrators, thermal evaporators, and crystallizers, but is economically justified only where disposal costs are very high or reuse value is significant. Mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) evaporators have lower energy consumption than multi-effect distillation for smaller ZLD systems. Providers with basin-specific produced water experience are more valuable than general industrial water treatment providers, as the chemical precipitation, scaling, and NORM management challenges differ significantly across geographies.
Frequently Asked Questions
What are the main treatment steps for produced water reuse in hydraulic fracturing?
A typical produced water treatment train for fracturing reuse includes primary separation (API separator or gun barrel tank to remove free oil and settleable solids), followed by dissolved air flotation (DAF) to remove emulsified oil and fine suspended solids, filtration (multimedia or automatic self-cleaning) to reduce TSS below 50 mg/L, and iron and manganese removal through oxidation and filtration if iron exceeds 5–10 mg/L. Biocide treatment is applied to control sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and prevent biofouling in the fracture formation. The target water quality specifications are set by the completion engineer based on formation compatibility, not regulatory limits.
What is NORM in produced water and how does it affect treatment system design?
NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials) in produced water consists primarily of radium-226, radium-228, and their decay products, which co-precipitate with barium and strontium sulfate scale in treatment equipment and wellbore tubulars. Treatment equipment handling high-NORM water is subject to state radiation control regulations that may require radiation surveys, worker dose monitoring, and disposal of NORM-contaminated scale and sludge as low-level radioactive waste. Providers operating in Appalachian and Permian basins where NORM activity is elevated must have documented NORM management procedures and trained staff.
How do I evaluate produced water treatment technology proposals from multiple vendors?
Require all vendors to base proposals on the same feedwater analysis—ideally from a representative composite sample rather than a single grab sample. Specify identical performance targets for each end use (TSS, oil and grease, TDS, specific ions, bacteria counts) to enable side-by-side comparison. Evaluate proven scale of operation: a technology that works at 100 bbl/day may not perform at 10,000 bbl/day without engineering modifications. Ask for references from operating systems treating produced water from the same basin or with comparable chemistry to your field.
What is the typical cost range for produced water treatment per barrel?
Treatment costs for produced water vary by source water TDS, target quality, and system scale. Simple settling and filtration for fracturing reuse typically costs $0.10–$0.50 per barrel. Full desalination by membrane or thermal evaporation for higher-quality reuse or discharge ranges from $1.50 to $6.00 per barrel depending on TDS and recovery requirements. ZLD systems capable of producing distilled water and dry solids from high-TDS brines above 100,000 mg/L TDS can exceed $10–$20 per barrel in thermal evaporation energy and capital costs. Compare these costs against current disposal costs—typically $0.50–$2.00 per barrel for deep well injection in most basins—to determine the economic threshold for each treatment level.