By Challenge / Contaminant

    Odor Control Water Treatment Companies

    Odor control providers, biofilters, scrubbers, activated carbon, and chemical dosing for H₂S and VOCs.

    27 providers

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    Cadman Cranes Ltd logo

    Cadman Cranes Ltd

    United Kingdom

    Cadman Cranes is a leading provider of lifting solutions in the UK with over 50 years’ experience and a reputation for quality, reliability and safety. At the very forefront of sustainability within the industry, Cadman Cranes offer responsible and collaborative turn-key solutions across all industries. From depots in Colchester and Brentwood, Cadman is ideally positioned to cover the East of England and beyond, living and breathing its mission to provide safe lifting solutions to industry and communities in a collaborate, considerate and sustainable way. Cadman has always placed great importance on delivering so much more than just crane hire. Its values are focussed on the success of its clients, its people and its community, and it takes great pride in going the extra mile on every job, no matter how big or small. Cadman Cranes add value to your hard work and offer a full-service lifting solution that goes far beyond just crane hire. It doesn’t just look for customers, it looks for partnerships based on trust, quality and safety. Services include: Contract lift services: Our complete package service is ideal for those who require a fully managed lifting solution, removing your risk and liability, and ensuring that we deal with all of the ‘heavy lifting’. Crane hire services: Cadman Cranes is the leading crane rental company in the East of England, providing crane hire across London, Essex, East Anglia, and all over the UK. With cranes available 24/7, 365 days a year, we are well positioned to keep your operations moving. Tank clearance, dredging, and grab solutions: Cadman Cranes offers innovative tank clearance solutions with our custom-designed grab attachment. The remote-controlled grab, mounted to the hooks of our mobile cranes, can reach up to 60 meters and handle a variety of materials, including sewage waste, sludge, grit, mud, and sand. This service is ideal for wastewater treatment plants, sewage facilities, digester tanks, aeration tanks, ports, and any industrial sites that require regular tank cleaning, maintenance, or dredging. Specialist lifting equipment for utility installation projects: Utilising our range of specialist lifting equipment, we have assisted on some of the most complex utility installation projects throughout the East of England, solving problems currently unimaginable by other mobile crane hire companies. Our innovative Compact Crawler Cranes, in combination with our remote-controlled telescopic hydraulic grab, have proved invaluable in providing the highest level of service and crane hire to the utilities sector. If you would like to work with Cadman Cranes or are looking to add a safe and considerate crane hire solution to your list of approved suppliers, Cadman would love to hear from you.

    Asset Maintenance & Rehabilitation
    Costain logo

    Costain

    United Kingdom

    Costain works with water and wastewater companies to shape, create and deliver pioneering solutions that improve water quality, affordability and resilience. Population growth, regulatory changes, energy costs and climate change are having a dramatic impact on water usage. The national approach to managing water supply is changing to meet these challenges. The Government and industry regulator are tasked with cutting wastage and preserving an increasingly valuable resource, while protecting consumers from higher water bills. The water sector team offers: Expert input into consultation documents, close work with Government and water companies and innovative delivery, all of which help to minimise costs to water users while meeting national investment needs. A manufacturing mindset: programme optimisation advisory services, standard product development, production controls, whole-life costing and lean delivery processes. Cross-sector best practice: we provide value for our clients by drawing on experience from across the company and by working closely with our decarbonisation experts to drive regional growth strategies. Technology integration: working with some of the UK’s leading asset and data analytics organisations we analyse large volumes of real time data to create greater benefits for our customers through optimised maintenance, pump operation, energy and chemical usage. Current water industry frameworks: Anglian Water – Strategic Pipeline Alliance Severn Trent Southern Water – CMDP JV Thames Water United Utilities – Maintenance Service Provider Yorkshire Water – Technical Services

    Programme Management
    Contractors
    Drive Systems Limited logo

    Drive Systems Limited

    United Kingdom

    With over 35 years experience and knowledge of manufacturing variable speed electrical control systems, Drive Systems Ltd provide fixed and variable speed drives, control panels and will commission and install both the mechanical equipment and electrical supplies, as required. Drive Systems Limited is a wholly owned independent company founded in 1986 by its present directors to promote the use of packaged inverter drive systems into a wide range of industrial applications so that they could benefit from the flexibility of control and the large potential energy savings that this, then, emerging new technology could provide. Many areas of industry, from pet food manufacturers to woodworking machine makers and from the nuclear industry to the water companies became valued customers and benefited from bespoke packaged drive systems tailored to their specific application. The water companies soon became the source of the majority of the companies workload, with inverter based drive systems being developed for wet well submersible pump systems, rectangular bacteria bed distributors (both rope hauled and independently driven) and for circular filter bed distributor drives. This latter drive system, enjoying patent protection of its principles of operation, has been a huge success and over 2000 systems have been supplied into all of the UK`s Water Companies, as well as to numerous overseas locations. Drive Systems has recognised the need, not only to provide products and packaged control systems, but also to provide an installation and commissioning service which ensures optimised performance from the existing plant. Drive Systems site programme includes installation of both mechanical and electrical equipment on prepared foundations. The service is not complete without the inter connection of all items of equipment, including cables, cable trays and ducts, as required. Lighting, heating, ventilation are a natural extension of this work. Drive Systems can provide Fixed and variable speed drives for pumps and fans Control panels and cabinets designed for specific applications Percolating circular filter bed drives and control Percolating rectangular filter bed drives and control Complete installation both mechanical: cabling and electrical supplies Commissioning and test Servicing and repairs

    Treatment Works Products/Services
    Eliquo Hydrok Ltd logo

    Eliquo Hydrok Ltd

    United Kingdom

    ELIQUO HYDROK works with all major UK and Ireland water companies, providing practical water engineering solutions. As a specialist engineering firm with head office in Indian Queens, ELIQUO HYDROK operates at the forefront of innovative and sustainable water treatment technologies. We support the entire UK water sector, supplying every water company. Part of ELIQUO WATER GROUP, the extensive portfolio includes solutions for wastewater management, wastewater treatment, clean water treatment and surface water management; Mecana PCMF, aeration technologies, CSO screens, flow controls, storm tank flushing and Raw Water Intake Screens. Plus, a sludge treatment portfolio that helps reduce costs, improve efficiency, and meet environmental compliance requirements – through systems like ELOVAC® for vacuum degassing, and other integrated technologies in biogas, digestion, dewatering and drying. With established teams in Cornwall, Wolverhampton and Wombwell, ELIQUO HYDROK are well-equipped to support operations – from start to finish; with design, manufacture, management and install capabilities – across the UK and Ireland. This wealth of in-house expertise is backed by a forward-thinking mindset to help customers achieve their long-term goals sustainably; to deliver results in AMP 8 and beyond.

    Treatment Works Products/Services
    Asset Maintenance & Rehabilitation
    Hydro International logo

    Hydro International

    United Kingdom

    Hydro International, a CRH company,  provides advanced products, services and expertise to help municipal, industrial and construction customers to improve their water management processes, increase operational performance and reduce environmental impact. Hydro International can help water companies meet their AMP and environmental obligations, including the reduction of sewer overflows and the Water Industry National Environment Programme (WINEP). Hydro International provides total solutions for Inlet Works, Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs), Stormwater Management, Flood Warning and Prevention, and Water Resource management, from design to supply and installation through to ongoing preventative maintenance, servicing and emergency repair.  These solutions include: Hydrometric data collection, monitoring analysis and reporting for river level, reservoir, network and weather. Continuous water quality monitoring for compliance with Section 82 of the Environment Act. Water resource analysis and consultancy. Stormwater management solutions, including options for Sustainable Drainage Systems. (SuDS) and Smart Maintenance. CSO event duration monitoring. CSO and storm tank treatment and screening. Passive flow controls for flood prevention schemes, SuDS, CSOs and WwTWs. Inlet works screening and grit removal solutions. Sludge screening. Dropping sewage or water safely from height. Hire, repair and maintenance of inlet works screens and screenings handling equipment

    Networks - Sewerage
    Asset Maintenance & Rehabilitation
    Quantum Engineering Developments Ltd logo

    Quantum Engineering Developments Ltd

    United Kingdom

    Quantum Engineering Developments Limited specialises in the design, construction installation and commissioning of surge control systems, compressed air systems and booster pump sets. Surge Control Systems Surge conditions, or ‘water hammer’ can occur due to starting or stopping a pump, or failures in the power supply, controls or valves. Quantum Engineering is the leading UK supplier of surge vessels and related control equipment for the alleviation of this effect. All systems can include a patented QUBE controller, developed especially for surge vessel and accumulator control in complex variable flow rate and multi-pump systems. Packaged Booster Pump Sets The company supplies booster sets suitable for applications in final effluent and potable water booster pumps for sewage and water treatment installations. Control Panels Quantum Engineering specialises in the construction of multi-compartment control panel suites to suit the requirements of most UK water authorities. Electrical control panels are available with relay, PLC and microprocessor controlled logic systems, including variable speed drives and soft start, as well as conventional DOL and STAR/DELTA starters. Accreditation All systems are factory tested in house, and are assembled and fitted to meet current statutory requirements, including UK pressure systems legislation and DWI Regulations 25 and 31. Recent Contracts QED supply and install surge vessels via both main contractors and direct with the end users, to nearly all of the UK water companies on both new and replacement/refurbishment projects. What can Quantum do for you today?

    Accreditations
    Salix River and Wetland Services logo

    Salix River and Wetland Services

    United Kingdom

    Salix River & Wetland Services are bioengineering technical specialists, involved in the supply, contract and design elements of river, wetland and coastal projects. Salix has extensive experience working within all river types across the UK, providing innovative vegetated, sustainable solutions for soil erosion and wetland creation. SUPPLY Our in-house product range specifically developed for erosion control and habitat creation includes Coir Rolls, Coir Pallets, Rock Rolls, Rock Mattresses, Rock Bags and the world’s highest performing range of Composite Turf Reinforcement Mats – VMax C350 & C500. We also provide hydraulically applied solutions such as TerrAffix. We have the largest native wildflower and wetland plant nursery in the UK. Salix are the only company to manufacture coir rolls and pallets within the UK, providing a massive reduction in carbon. Salix rock products allow natural sediment accretion and vegetation establishment, unlike harder solutions such as rock armour or gabions. CONTRACTING Salix’s contracting division undertake works for local authorities, public bodies, utility companies, main contractors & private clients, having been involved in a diverse range of projects across the UK. Salix has unrivalled specialist equipment for fluvial environment, including a Mackenzie ‘Muck’ Spider excavator. The Spider has four independent legs, with the ability to access logistically challenging of sites. Salix also has long reach excavators, floating pontoons, hydroseeders and truxor available for a diverse range of specialist fluvial and intertidal activities.

    River & Coastal Flood Protection
    Contractors

    Odour Control at Water and Wastewater Facilities: H2S Scrubbing, Biofilter Design, and Regulatory Limits

    Odour at wastewater treatment plants arises primarily from hydrogen sulphide (H2S, rotten egg odour, threshold 0.5 to 1.4 micrograms per L, IDLH 50 ppm), mercaptans (threshold 0.002 to 0.008 micrograms per L), ammonia (pungent, threshold 10 to 50 ppm), and volatile fatty acids (butyric, propionic acids, compost odour). Odour generation is highest at primary screens and grit channels (gross solids releasing septic gas), primary sedimentation (settled organics generating H2S under sludge blanket), anaerobic digesters (H2S at 1,000 to 50,000 ppm in biogas), and sludge dewatering (mechanical shear releasing volatile compounds from sludge). Design containment strategy: enclose odour sources (covers over screens, tanks, channels), maintain negative pressure by extraction fans (typically 6 to 10 air changes per hour in enclosed covers), and duct extracted air to odour treatment plant.

    Odour treatment technologies by application: chemical scrubbing (wet scrubbers) - counter-current contact of contaminated air with chemical solution. Two-stage NaOH/NaOCl scrubbing (first stage pH 10 NaOH removes H2S by absorption and reaction to Na2S; second stage NaOCl oxidises H2S and organic sulphur compounds) achieves 99 percent H2S removal efficiency. Suitable for high H2S concentrations (above 100 ppm). Biofilters - microorganisms on a porous media (wood chip, compost, proprietary ceramic media) oxidise odorous compounds to CO2, water, and sulphate. Effective for low-to-medium H2S concentrations (below 50 ppm). Design: EBCT 20 to 60 seconds for compost media, media moisture content 40 to 60 percent, temperature 15 to 40 degrees C. Biotrickling filters use recirculating liquid to maintain media moisture and remove reaction products (sulphuric acid from H2S oxidation), achieving longer media life and higher H2S loading than dry biofilters.

    Regulatory limits for odour vary by jurisdiction. UK: statutory nuisance under Environmental Protection Act 1990, enforced by local authorities; Environment Agency permit conditions typically specify site boundary odour levels (1 to 5 ouE per m3 as 98th percentile measured by dynamic olfactometry per EN 13725). US: no federal odour standard; state and local regulations vary (California South Coast AQMD Rule 402 - prohibit nuisance odours; Texas TCEQ TPDES permit conditions). Community odour monitoring uses dynamic olfactometry (trained panel sniff sessions per EN 13725), electronic noses (e-nose, pattern recognition of sensor array responses), and hydrogen sulphide point monitors. Odour complaint management: rapid response protocol, source investigation, and community liaison programme are essential components of the environmental management system for urban WWTP.

    Frequently Asked Questions

    What causes bad smells at water treatment and wastewater plants?

    Odours at wastewater plants arise from biological breakdown of organic matter under anaerobic (oxygen-depleted) conditions: (1) Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) - the dominant odorous compound; sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in septic sewage, primary sludge, and biogas generate H2S at 1,000 to 50,000 ppm in biogas and 10 to 500 ppm in headspace over septic sewage; human perception threshold is 0.0005 ppm; (2) Mercaptans and disulphides - from protein decomposition, very low odour thresholds (0.002 ppm); (3) Ammonia - from urea hydrolysis and sludge decomposition, pungent but higher odour threshold (15 ppm); (4) Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) - from fermentation of organic matter, earthy/composting odour; (5) Amines - fishy/putrid odour from amino acid decomposition. At drinking water treatment plants, taste and odour in source water (geosmin from cyanobacteria, 2-methylisoborneol from actinobacteria) are the primary concern, treated by activated carbon or ozone.

    What is the best technology for removing H2S from wastewater plant air?

    Technology selection depends on H2S concentration and volume of air to be treated. For high H2S (above 100 ppm): chemical wet scrubbers using NaOH plus NaOCl achieve 99 percent removal efficiency; capital cost $50,000 to $500,000 per unit; operating cost dominated by chemical consumption ($0.50 to $2.00 per m3 of treated air). For medium H2S (10 to 100 ppm): biotrickling filters achieve 95 to 99 percent H2S removal with lower chemical consumption; EBCT 10 to 30 seconds; media life 5 to 10 years (vs 2 to 5 years for dry biofilters due to acid accumulation). For low H2S (below 10 ppm): dry biofilters using wood chip or compost media; capital cost $20,000 to $200,000; virtually no chemical operating cost; media replacement every 3 to 7 years ($10,000 to $50,000 per replacement). Activated carbon adsorbers: effective for low concentrations, simple to install, but regeneration or replacement is expensive for sustained H2S loads above 5 ppm.

    How is odour measured and monitored at wastewater plants?

    Odour measurement methods: (1) Dynamic olfactometry (EN 13725): trained human panel evaluates dilution-to-threshold of air samples in a standardised laboratory device; results expressed as ouE per m3 (European odour units per cubic metre). This is the legal standard for planning applications and permit compliance in Europe. (2) H2S point monitors: electrochemical sensors (0 to 100 ppm range, accuracy plus or minus 5 percent) installed at site boundary, sludge processing, and screen locations; continuous real-time monitoring with alarm thresholds. (3) Electronic noses (e-noses): arrays of 8 to 32 metal oxide semiconductor sensors whose response patterns are trained to recognise site-specific odour signatures; correlate with olfactometric measurements for continuous trend monitoring without human panellists. (4) Odour impact modelling: atmospheric dispersion modelling (ADMS, AERMOD) using emission rates from olfactometry and site-specific meteorology to predict ground-level concentrations at receptors for planning and permit assessment.

    What odour limit applies at a WWTP site boundary?

    UK Environment Agency permit conditions for WWTP odour: site boundary limit typically 1 to 5 ouE per m3 at the 98th percentile (approximately 1 to 5 hours per year above threshold) assessed by EN 13725 olfactometry and ADMS atmospheric dispersion modelling. The limit is set in the environmental permit as a site-specific value based on the sensitivity of nearby receptors (residential properties, schools, hospitals). Odour complaints triggering enforcement action typically occur when modelled or measured concentrations exceed 5 ouE per m3 at the nearest receptor. The Netherlands OdourNL guideline uses 0.5 ouE per m3 at the 98th percentile as a reference for residential areas - stricter than UK practice. US has no equivalent federal standard; ASTM E679 odour panel testing is used in state regulatory proceedings. The World Bank / IFC Performance Standards use 5 ouE per m3 as a reference sensitivity limit for community odour impact assessment.

    Case Study·UK water company, urban WWTP odour abatement, West Midlands
    Challenge

    A 180,000 PE activated sludge WWTP adjacent to a residential development received 140 odour complaints in a single year. The EA issued an enforcement notice requiring a site boundary concentration below 3 ouE per m3 at the 98th percentile. ADMS dispersion modelling identified the primary sludge tanks and inlet works as the dominant sources, contributing 65 percent of boundary receptor impact.

    Approach

    Primary sludge tanks and all channels at the inlet works were enclosed with GRP covers maintained at 30 Pa negative pressure by extraction fans. Extracted air (12,000 m3 per hr) was ducted to a new two-stage chemical scrubber (NaOH/NaOCl) for H2S removal and a downstream biofilter bank (compost media, EBCT 40 seconds) for organic compound polishing. An e-nose network of 8 sensors was installed at the site boundary for continuous trend monitoring.

    Outcome

    ADMS re-modelling post-installation predicted a boundary impact of 1.8 ouE per m3 at the 98th percentile, below the EA permit condition. Odour complaints fell from 140 to 11 in the following year. The EA formally confirmed permit compliance 14 months after the abatement system was commissioned.

    Questions to Ask Shortlisted Providers

    1. 1

      What odour dispersion modelling has been completed and what is the modelled boundary concentration at the nearest receptor?

      ADMS or AERMOD modelling is required to justify permit compliance; the model inputs (emission rates from olfactometry, site meteorology) must be validated before the system is designed.

    2. 2

      Which process units are the dominant odour sources and what are the H2S concentrations in the extracted air streams?

      Source characterisation determines which technology is required; H2S above 100 ppm requires chemical scrubbing, while lower concentrations can be handled by biofilter alone.

    3. 3

      What enclosure and containment strategy is proposed and how will negative pressure be maintained?

      Containment performance is as important as treatment performance; inadequate negative pressure allows fugitive emissions to bypass the treatment system.

    4. 4

      What is the proposed biofilter media type and what is the expected service life?

      Compost and wood chip media have different H2S loading tolerances and replacement frequencies; sulphuric acid accumulation degrades compost media faster than inert ceramic media.

    5. 5

      How will odour be monitored on an ongoing basis to demonstrate permit compliance?

      The EA expects ongoing monitoring evidence; e-nose systems or fixed H2S sensors must be calibrated against olfactometric measurements to provide defensible compliance data.

    What Drives Cost in This Category

    Volume of air to be extracted and treated

    Fan and ductwork sizing scales with extraction volume; large primary sedimentation tank covers (10,000 to 30,000 m3 per hr) require multi-fan systems and large-diameter ductwork, adding 200,000 to 800,000 GBP in civils and mechanical costs.

    H2S concentration and technology selection

    Chemical scrubbers cost 100,000 to 600,000 GBP for typical WWTP applications; biofilters are 40 to 60 percent lower capital but require more land and have higher media replacement OPEX.

    Tank and channel enclosure civil works

    GRP cover fabrication and installation for primary sedimentation tanks costs 80,000 to 250,000 GBP per tank; concrete enclosure structures cost significantly more but have longer service lives.

    Ongoing chemical and media costs

    NaOCl consumption for a large chemical scrubber can run to 60,000 to 150,000 GBP per year; biofilter media replacement every 5 to 8 years adds 30,000 to 120,000 GBP per replacement cycle.

    Key Regulations & Standards

    Environmental Protection Act 1990 Part III (Statutory Nuisance)

    Empowers local authorities to serve abatement notices on operators causing odour nuisance; failure to comply is a criminal offence with unlimited fines.

    EPR 2016 Environmental Permit (Odour Condition)

    WWTP environmental permits include site-specific odour management conditions; the EA sets boundary concentration limits (typically 1 to 5 ouE per m3 at 98th percentile) enforced via ADMS modelling and EN 13725 olfactometry.

    EN 13725:2022 (Air Quality, Olfactometry)

    The European standard for measuring odour concentration by dynamic olfactometry using a trained panel; the regulatory reference method for odour compliance assessment in the UK and EU.

    H2S Workplace Exposure Limit (EH40)

    HSE EH40 sets the 8-hour TWA for H2S at 1 ppm (1.4 mg per m3) and STEL at 5 ppm; enclosed WWTP areas with H2S risk require continuous gas monitoring, alarm systems, and COSHH assessment.