Plate, shell-and-tube, and specialty heat-exchanger suppliers for cooling, heating, and energy-recovery duties.

    Find a Water-Side Heat Exchanger Provider

    Matched providers: 18

    Top countries: United Kingdom, Netherlands

    Popular technologies: Acid Dosing Systems, Alkali Dosing Systems

    Heat Exchanger Selection for Water Duty: Plate, Shell-and-Tube, and Corrugated Tube Types

    Heat exchangers in water treatment and cooling duty are selected based on fluid characteristics, temperature range, and fouling propensity. Plate heat exchangers (PHE) offer overall heat transfer coefficients (U) of 3,000 to 7,000 W per m2 per K for clean water-to-water duty, compactness (area per unit volume 200 to 700 m2 per m3), and ease of cleaning by disassembly. Gasketed PHE are limited to 200 degrees C and 25 bar; brazed PHE to 225 degrees C and 30 bar for refrigerant duty. Shell-and-tube exchangers (TEMA types B, C, R) are preferred for fouling liquids, two-phase flow, and pressures above 30 bar, with U values of 500 to 2,500 W per m2 per K for water-to-water service.

    Fouling factors (TEMA standards) are critical for lifecycle cost: cooling water fouling factor typically 0.0001 to 0.0002 m2 K per W, adding 10 to 30 percent to required heat transfer area. Scale control by chemical dosing (anti-scalant, blowdown control to maintain LSI below 0) or electrochemical treatment reduces fouling. Corrugated tube exchangers (Vicarb, HRS types) achieve self-cleaning turbulence in the annular space at Reynolds numbers above 10,000, suitable for scaling and viscous media. Titanium tubes or plates are specified for seawater duty (chloride above 500 mg per L) or aggressive process streams; AISI 316L is suitable for fresh and low-chloride cooling water.

    Sizing parameters for a cooling water application: duty Q (kW), log mean temperature difference LMTD (degrees C), and overall U value determine required area A = Q divided by (U times LMTD). For a 500 kW duty with LMTD of 10 degrees C and U of 4,000 W per m2 per K: A = 500,000 divided by 40,000 = 12.5 m2, achieved by 80 to 100 standard plates. Pressure drop through PHE is typically 30 to 100 kPa; ensure available pump head exceeds exchanger drop plus circuit losses. Capital cost for a 500 kW gasketed PHE: $5,000 to $15,000; shell-and-tube equivalent: $15,000 to $40,000. PHE gasket replacement (every 5 to 10 years): $1,000 to $5,000 per unit.

    Frequently Asked Questions

    When should I use a plate heat exchanger versus shell-and-tube?

    Choose plate heat exchanger (PHE) when: fluids are clean or easily cleanable (water, brines, glycol solutions), operating pressure is below 25 bar, temperature cross is required (PHE can achieve 1 to 2 degrees C approach temperature vs 5 to 10 degrees C for shell-and-tube), and compactness or weight saving is a priority. Choose shell-and-tube when: one fluid is fouling (sludge, slurries, fibrous liquids), operating pressure exceeds 25 bar, high-temperature steam (above 200 degrees C) is the heating medium, or when ASME Section VIII certified pressure vessel design is required. Shell-and-tube is also preferred in ATEX hazardous areas where gasket materials are restricted.

    What causes heat exchanger fouling and how do I prevent it?

    Fouling types and control: (1) Scale (calcium carbonate, calcium sulphate, silica) - control by maintaining Langelier Saturation Index below 0, pH below 8.5, and adding anti-scalant (threshold inhibitor) at 2 to 10 mg per L. (2) Biological fouling (biofilm) - control by maintaining free chlorine at 0.5 to 1.0 mg per L continuously or by biocide slug dosing every 2 to 4 weeks (400 to 600 mg per L chlorine for 4 to 8 hours). (3) Particulate fouling - control by upstream filtration to below 100 microns for PHE. (4) Corrosion fouling - control by material selection (titanium for seawater, 316L for freshwater). Tube-side velocities should be maintained above 1.5 m per s in shell-and-tube to prevent sedimentation.

    What materials are heat exchangers made from for water service?

    Carbon steel (SA-516 Grade 70) is the least expensive option but corrodes in all but alkaline-controlled cooling water systems and requires coating or cathodic protection for raw water service. 316L stainless steel is standard for potable water and clean process water service (chloride below 200 mg per L); above 200 mg per L chloride, pitting corrosion risk increases. Titanium Grade 2 is specified for seawater, high-chloride brines, and hypochlorite service - corrosion-resistant to all chloride concentrations and hypochlorite up to 10 mg per L free chlorine. Duplex stainless steel (2205) offers intermediate corrosion resistance at lower cost than titanium. Copper alloys (admiralty brass, cupronickel 90-10 or 70-30) are traditional for seawater condensers but banned from potable water systems due to toxicity.

    How often do heat exchangers need cleaning?

    Cleaning frequency depends on fouling rate, which varies by water chemistry and operating conditions. In controlled cooling tower circuits with good water treatment, PHE cleaning every 12 to 24 months is typical. In hard water areas without anti-scalant dosing, scale can build to significant thickness in 3 to 6 months, requiring more frequent cleaning. Shell-and-tube exchangers with tube-side fouling are cleaned chemically (acidic or alkaline CIP at 2 to 5 percent concentration) or mechanically (tube brushing, hydro-jetting at 200 to 500 bar). PHE are disassembled and plates cleaned manually or by high-pressure water jet. Chemical CIP requires complete flushing afterwards to prevent acid/alkali contamination of the water circuit. Maintain cleaning log records to track fouling trend and optimise chemical dosing programme.

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    HomeDirectoryInfrastructure, Networks & EquipmentWater-Side Heat Exchanger Companies

    Infrastructure, Networks & Equipment

    Water-Side Heat Exchanger Companies

    Plate, shell-and-tube, and specialty heat-exchanger suppliers for cooling, heating, and energy-recovery duties.

    18 providers

    This page is a good fit if you need:

    • Acid Dosing Systems or Alkali Dosing Systems capabilities
    • Suppliers with asset maintenance & rehabilitation sector experience
    • Providers operating in United Kingdom or Netherlands
    Providers
    18
    Verified
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    Countries
    6

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    How to choose a water-side heat exchanger provider

    • Start with providers that clearly operate in your target geography and project footprint.

    • Look for industry exposure that matches your water challenge, compliance constraints, and deployment context.

    • Use technologies, service scope, and proof signals to narrow the list before reaching out to suppliers.

    Not sure where to start? Our experts can help.

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    2 claimed companies in this category

    Country

    United Kingdom12
    Netherlands2
    Indonesia1
    Italy1
    Sweden1

    Industry

    Asset Maintenance & Rehabilitation4
    manufacturing3
    Networks - Sewerage3
    Renewables & Energy Management3
    agriculture2

    Technology

    Acid Dosing Systems2
    Alkali Dosing Systems2
    Aluminum Salt Precipitation Units2
    Automated pH Control Systems2
    Calcium Phosphate Precipitation Reactors2

    Find a Water-Side Heat Exchanger Provider

    Showing 1-18 of 18

    18 results from 18 matched providers

    Ecosystems International logo

    Ecosystems International

    Verified
    Indonesia51-200 employees
    Flat Sheet Microfiltration Units · Hollow Fiber MF Systems · Ceramic Microfiltration Modules +80 more
    apac · china · europe +3 more

    PT Ecosystems International (PT ESI) was established at Jakarta on 21st November 2006. We are an industrial effluent treatment systems integrator specializing in electrocoagulation (EC), a unique waste water treatment profile. PT ESI has capabilities in designing complete waste water treatment solutions by combining various effluent treatment systems such as the electro-coagulation, biological, chemical processes and membrane filtration, offering its customers a wide and comprehensive range of solutions, tailored to suit their various needs – ranging from basic effluent treatment for discharge to effluent recycling for water reuse. The Company is experienced in handling the design, engineering, procurement, construction and operation of new Effluent Treatment Plants (“ETP”) and possesses expertise in retrofitting existing ETP to increase the flow rate and treatment capability without any major infrastructure increase PT ESI is also a premier waste water treatment service company specializing in handling waste water generated from Exploration (Drilling) and Produced Water. Customers in Indonesia include major Oil & Gas companies such as Pertamina, Exxon, Chevron, Petro-China and Medco. Operations in Indonesia are provided by both mobile and fixed units. At drill sites where waste-water recycling is required, PT ESI supplement these treatment units with skid mounted mobile Reverse Osmosis systems. The technologies and solutions employed by PT ESI are developed in-house and examples of these are its proprietary Trident™ Electro Contaminant Removal (“ECR”) system, the Stage Contaminant Removal (“SCR”) process and Mobile On-Site Waste-Water Treatment (“OWT”) units

    Reverse Osmosis (RO) Systems
    Ultrafiltration (UF) Systems
    Multi-media Filtration (MMF) Systems
    +63 more
    agriculture
    manufacturing
    Brine Consulting logo

    Brine Consulting

    Verified
    Netherlands1-50 employees
    Mechanical Vapor Recompression (MVR) · Atmospheric Evaporator · Spray Evaporator +130 more
    apac · china · europe +3 more

    BRINE CONSULTING delivers senior-level strategy, technical design, and actionable insight across the full lifecycle of water-related challenges. We support clients with advisory and due diligence, advanced brine management and resource recovery, industrial and municipal water reuse, and MLD/ZLD systems. Our team also leads ESG and climate-resilience strategy, innovation scouting, and international development and PPP advisory. With deep specialization in desalination, brine valorization, circular economy models, and high-impact infrastructure, we help organizations turn water and waste streams into opportunities, providing clear thinking, rapid delivery, and solutions built for real-world results.

    Activated Carbon Filtration
    Reverse Osmosis (RO) Systems
    Ultrafiltration (UF) Systems
    +85 more
    manufacturing
    energy-production
    Epic Cleantec logo

    Epic Cleantec

    United States
    OneWater onsite water reuse system · OneWater Rain rainwater and stormwater system · Wastewater heat recovery technology +2 more
    North America

    Epic Cleantec is a San Francisco, California based water technology company specializing in decentralized, onsite water treatment and reuse systems for buildings. The company designs, engineers, permits, and installs water recycling solutions that recover three outputs from a building's wastewater: recycled water for non-potable use, recovered heat energy, and soil amendments. Its flagship OneWater and OneWater Rain systems serve residential and commercial developments, corporate campuses, hotels, data centers, stadiums, and breweries, claiming up to 95 percent reductions in water demand and utility fees. Epic Cleantec also provides operations and maintenance support along with project financing options.

    Onsite water recycling and reuse system design and installation
    Wastewater heat recovery
    Soil amendment production from treated solids
    +2 more
    Datasonic logo

    Datasonic

    Netherlands1-50 employees
    Ultrasonic Cavitation Systems · Inline Flow Ultrasonic Reactors · Ultrasound–Membrane Cleaning Systems
    europe

    Datasonic develops and produces ultrasonic technology for cleaning and measurement. With our technology, we can clean industrial heat exchangers, cooling installations, pipes, and tanks without disassembly. Additionally, we supply ultrasonic flow and level meters.

    energy-production
    manufacturing
    Alfa Laval logo

    Alfa Laval

    Sweden
    Centrifugal separators · Heat exchanger systems · Mixing and agitation equipment +2 more
    Europe

    Alfa Laval provides industrial separation, heat transfer, and fluid handling solutions for water and wastewater treatment. The Swedish company offers on-site water and waste treatment plus recovery of water, heat, and process products for municipal and industrial markets globally.

    Municipal wastewater treatment
    On-site water treatment
    Wastewater recovery solutions
    +3 more
    Drive Systems Limited logo

    Drive Systems Limited

    United Kingdom

    With over 35 years experience and knowledge of manufacturing variable speed electrical control systems, Drive Systems Ltd provide fixed and variable speed drives, control panels and will commission and install both the mechanical equipment and electrical supplies, as required. Drive Systems Limited is a wholly owned independent company founded in 1986 by its present directors to promote the use of packaged inverter drive systems into a wide range of industrial applications so that they could benefit from the flexibility of control and the large potential energy savings that this, then, emerging new technology could provide. Many areas of industry, from pet food manufacturers to woodworking machine makers and from the nuclear industry to the water companies became valued customers and benefited from bespoke packaged drive systems tailored to their specific application. The water companies soon became the source of the majority of the companies workload, with inverter based drive systems being developed for wet well submersible pump systems, rectangular bacteria bed distributors (both rope hauled and independently driven) and for circular filter bed distributor drives. This latter drive system, enjoying patent protection of its principles of operation, has been a huge success and over 2000 systems have been supplied into all of the UK`s Water Companies, as well as to numerous overseas locations. Drive Systems has recognised the need, not only to provide products and packaged control systems, but also to provide an installation and commissioning service which ensures optimised performance from the existing plant. Drive Systems site programme includes installation of both mechanical and electrical equipment on prepared foundations. The service is not complete without the inter connection of all items of equipment, including cables, cable trays and ducts, as required. Lighting, heating, ventilation are a natural extension of this work. Drive Systems can provide Fixed and variable speed drives for pumps and fans Control panels and cabinets designed for specific applications Percolating circular filter bed drives and control Percolating rectangular filter bed drives and control Complete installation both mechanical: cabling and electrical supplies Commissioning and test Servicing and repairs

    Treatment Works Products/Services
    Technocover Ltd logo

    Technocover Ltd

    United Kingdom

    Technocover is an approved ISO 14001:2004 Environmental and ISO 9001:2008 Quality Accredited Company, dedicated to the Design, Manufacture, Installation and Maintenance of Physical Security Access Solutions for protection to all industrial sectors. Our extensive in-house design and manufacturing facilities are home to well established research and development unit and comprehensive testing facility. Our commercial offices incorporate our design team who utilise the latest computer aided design technology and work alongside our dedicated planning section who oversee everything from surveying, scheduling and contract reviews, to the management of framework agreements. We have been designing and manufacturing innovative steel products since 1993. In that time, through organic growth, planned expansion and acquisition, we have gained a reputation as the UK’s leading supplier of Physical Steel Security Access Products. We have a range of aperture security solutions for virtually every application, establishments in the UK and overseas have sought our expertise in providing security products for asset protection. We operate a Total Service Philosophy and can handle complete projects from site survey to final installation, whether for new or refurbishing projects, the adaptability of our galvanised steel access products means the most complex design criteria can be met. Our range of high quality access products offer custom built operational and security solutions to prevent unauthorised persons gaining access, securing key assets against all levels of trespass, malicious vandalism, theft, extortion, contamination or terrorism. Many of our access system products have been tested and approved by the Loss Prevention Certification Board (LPCB)  to LPS 1175 issue 5 or above, Security Rating Levels 2, 3, 4 or 5. Frameworks We hold both exclusive and shared framework agreements with most of the major UK water companies. Framework Security items include: LPCB Level 2 Universal Gas Cylinder Clamps LPCB Level 3 Mesh Cage Systems LPCB Level 3 Flush Access Covers LPCB Level 4 Upstand Access Covers LPCB Level 4 Padlockable Access Doors LPCB Level 4 Key Entry Doors LPCB Level 4 Enclosures/Kiosks/Cabinets LPCB Level 4 Walk-In Modular Buildings LPCB Level 4 Window Bar Sets LPCB Level 5 Louvres

    Security Solutions
    Asset Maintenance & Rehabilitation
    AUMA Actuators Limited logo

    AUMA Actuators Limited

    United Kingdom

    Based in Clevedon, near Bristol, North Somerset, AUMA Actuators Limited is the UK subsidiary of the global AUMA Reister GmbH and Co., the world’s largest manufacturer of electric valve actuators, operating on every continent, with 2,300 employees in 30 locations. AUMA Actuators Limited is the UK arm of global manufacturer AUMA Reister GmbH, manufacturing daily over 500 electric actuators for valves, penstocks and dampers. A trusted supplier to the UK water and wastewater industry, AUMA holds supply and maintenance frameworks with all major UK water companies. With a UK-based team of experts and a £2.5 million inventory held locally, AUMA ensures rapid response and fast-track call-off for urgent project requirements. AUMA provides electric actuators – including variable speed, explosion-proof and underwater variants – plus gearboxes for flow control across water and wastewater networks, backed by comprehensive service, maintenance, and support tailored to the specific needs of the UK water sector. Key Products • SQ and SA part and multi-turn actuators for Class A and B operation, torques from 10 Nm to 32,000 Nm extendable to 675,000 Nm with optional gearboxes. • SQR and SAR modulating actuators provide Class C control up to 1500 starts/hr. Torques from 15 Nm to 2,400 Nm depending on model chosen. • SQV and SAV variable speed actuators provide accurate close control of valve position and flow rate, with soft-open and soft-close ability that protect ageing assets while retaining speed of operation and emergency functions. Tripping torques from 10 Nm to 1000 Nm. Modulating versions SQRV and SARV are also available • Profox – compact actuators for part- and multi-turn applications – easy to set up, reliable and tough, for torque ranges up to 600 Nm (part turn) and 100 Nm (multi-turn) For explosive atmospheres, AUMA actuators are available with full ATEX certification. Please ask us for details. AUMA equipment is built for the digital world. Full Fieldbus integration, the ability to integrate and consolidate other plant signals and bidirectional control makes AUMA an ideal project partner, while the modular approach and versatile configuration of AUMA equipment makes it ideal when you are considering automation of existing assets.

    Reservoirs - Treated Water
    Accreditations
    FT Pipeline Systems logo

    FT Pipeline Systems

    United Kingdom

    FT Pipeline Systems supplies a large range of steel water pipes which have been developed to meet both customer requirements and the necessary regulations within the water industry. The Steel Pipe Experts With a choice of cement mortar, cement mortar with seal coat or epoxy internal linings, our plastic coated steel water pipes are available in an extensive range of diameters (from 80mm to 3000mm) and joint types (socket weld, butt weld, tyton push-fit connections and the FT ‘E’ joint). The superior specification and extended design life makes these pipes first choice for contaminated and aggressive ground conditions. Marketed alongside the steel water pipes are the high quality heat shrink sleeves (Canusa jointing sleeves), which form a permanently bonded watertight seal on all diameters of pipe. Their flexibility ensures perfect seals on straight runs, junctions and bends. Undertaking complete project management, the FT Group has successfully analysed requirements for complex projects, negotiated excellent pricing, managed logistics and supply efficiently, and been responsible for full QA checks on-site and the provision of contractor documentation that details all aspects of supply and installation. We provide on-site support throughout the delivery and initial installation phase, which includes heat shrink sleeve training and general problem solving throughout the process. For further information, please refer to our website www.ftpipelinesystems.co.uk. FT Pipelines is certified to ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001

    Networks - Sewerage
    PBJ Engineering Services Ltd logo

    PBJ Engineering Services Ltd

    United Kingdom

    Do you need Thermal Hydrolysis Plant operational support, training and maintenance? Does your critical water process equipment require contract support and safety assurance? Visualise your assets and maintain operational efficiency through our 360 degree image capture. Invest in your operations through our professional training and technical support services. PBJ Engineering delivers a range of services to support your wastewater treatment and process facilities – we specialise in THP systems and Steam Boiler services, including CEA and BOAS accreditation.  Our team is available nationally to support you, on a contract, project or emergency basis. Supporting your facility and team with a programme custom designed to your needs, typically includes elements of: Whole System Contracts Consultation and Best Practice Commissioning and Maintenance Optimisation and Monitoring Refurbishment and Rebuild Component Fabrication and Supply Training for BOAS and CEA accreditation Some of our typical on-site activities include full capabilities in; Thermal Hydrolysis Plants Steam Boilers Sludge Dewatering Processes Water Treatment Coil and Heat Exchangers Pumps Our ancillary support services includes; 360O Image Capture – Virtual Plant Training and Maintenance Boiler Log Books – Custom design & print Boiler House design – Advice and guidance Equipment – Hire services and component spares Our priority is the safety of all personnel and the operational efficiency of your facilities.  We work with you and your team, to maintain and support your infrastructure – protecting your people, investment and optimising your asset performance. Our team is qualified with CITB / SMSTS, Achilles, and CEA / BOAS. Project involvement includes: Thames Water: Basingstoke THP (commissioning, operation, training, optimisation, maintenance) Beckton THP (energy surveys) Chertsey THP (operation, training, optimisation) Crawley THP (commissioning, operation, training, maintenance, part supply) Crossness THP (operation, optimisation, energy reduction, training, energy surveys) Longreach THP (operation, training, optimisation) Oxford THP (operation, optimisation, fault finding) Riverside THP (water treatment installation, design, energy surveys) Severn Trent: Finham THP (operational support) Strongford THP (operation, training) Southern Water: Goddards Green THP (operational support & performance monitoring) Others: Nestles – Trowbridge – steam boiler operational contract (24 hour call out) Heathrow airport – hot water boiler – scale cleaning

    Renewables & Energy Management
    Asset Maintenance & Rehabilitation
    L.C.F. S.r.l. Italy - Refrigerators Components logo

    L.C.F. S.r.l. Italy - Refrigerators Components

    Italy51-200 employees
    Europe

    L.C.F. S.r.l. Italy specializes in producing high-quality refrigeration components, including condensing units, coils, evaporators, and heat exchangers. Established in 1976, the company serves both national and international markets, exporting to 26 countries worldwide.

    Manufacturing
    Utilities
    AE Yates Group logo

    AE Yates Group

    United Kingdom

    Established in 1870, AE Yates is a progressive civil engineering contractor with an enviable track record of successfully delivering technically demanding high quality works to the complete satisfaction of a wide variety of public and private customers. An Integrated Construction Company A E Yates has grown to be an integrated construction company with a turnover of £50m, employing over 170 managerial, professional, technical and operational staff. Our company headquarters, based in Bolton, are strategically located to serve and communicate with clients throughout the United Kingdom with immediate access to road, rail and air transport facilities. We also have an operating base in Sheffield. AE Yates Group The group companies add value for customers not just in their specialism. When working together they can offer an integrated service through resource sharing and joint management of activities. Operational interfaces are removed eliminating potential co-ordination, management and programming issues for customers. AE Yates Civil Engineering Ltd AE Yates Directional Drilling Combined Soil Stabilisation Side Grip Piling SPI Piling Tritech Ground Engineering AE Yates Haulage Equipment and Skills Investment in the development of highly skilled operational teams up to date equipment has reinforced and enhanced our capability in all areas of operations. We own and operate an extensive fleet of general civil engineering and specialist plant and equipment. Experienced and Dedicated We are a highly experienced and respected civil engineering contractor operating to an Integrated Management System which is fully accredited to IS 9001:2015, ISO14001:2015 and ISO45001:2018 by BSI. We are fully committed to meeting the required standards of quality, customer care, environmental awareness, safety, health, time and cost demanded by our clients. We are fully supportive of the UK industry’s drive towards Continuous Improvement, Best Value and Constructing Excellence.

    Renewables & Energy Management
    Contractors
    Mott MacDonald logo

    Mott MacDonald

    United Kingdom

    We are proud of being a world-class independent management, engineering and development consultancy. Being independent, wholly owned by our people, puts us in charge of our own journey and allows us to focus on what we believe is important for our clients, our colleagues and the communities we work and live in. We have more than 100 years’ experience in the water sector and are experts in every aspect of water development, with all the skills and commitment to deliver solutions that benefit every stakeholder.  We also established Mott MacDonald Bentley more than twenty years ago to deliver long-term programmes of work through a strategic focus, effective communication and flexibility in different models of working.  We are experts at building a trusted relationship with our clients. From investment planning to operational support, design to capacity building we work with private investors and listed companies, as well as national and local governments across the world in both developing and developed regions. As advisors, we think laterally and find the connections that others fail to make. We are pioneers with a thirst for innovation, who understand the challenges facing the water industry today, including biodiversity net gain, natural capital and ecosystem services, the practicalities of the journey to net zero, nature-based solutions and natural flood management and the need to consider everything from a fresh angle and turn obstacles into sustainable paths for both businesses and the lives they touch every day.

    Renewables & Energy Management
    Designers
    Aqua Safety Showers International Ltd logo

    Aqua Safety Showers International Ltd

    United Kingdom

    Aqua Safety Showers International Ltd is one of the leading UK manufacturers of emergency safety showers and eyebaths for the UK water companies. Self-contained tank showers (tepid water), frost protected mains fed showers, portable and mobile showers. Self-contained eyebaths (tepid water), frost protected eyebaths and mains fed eyebaths. Wash down retractable hose reels with optional heavy duty heated cabinet.

    Health & Safety
    Saint Gobain PAM UK logo

    Saint Gobain PAM UK

    United Kingdom

    Saint Gobain PAM UK is the premier supplier of ductile iron and cast iron products to the UK's key utilities, telecoms, highways, civil engineering, construction and housing companies. We’re a leading manufacturer of ductile iron access covers, gully gratings, and pressure pipeline systems, helping the UK’s utility, highways, telecoms and infrastructure network owners reduce their whole-life costs and carbon while improving their asset durability and health and safety standards. We proudly manufacture our solutions, which enables us to not only meet but exceed the most stringent safety, quality and environmental standards. This means all of our access covers, gully gratings, and surface boxes are 100% recyclable. By providing innovative and sustainable access covers, gully gratings and pipeline systems that are right the first time, our customers enjoy quality and durable solutions that solve their problems the first time they’re installed – backed by the experts who designed them. 👨‍🔬🔬🥼 Saint-Gobain PAM UK is part of the Saint-Gobain Group, which employs over 166,000 people in 75 countries. With the international support of parent company Saint-Gobain, we offer unrivalled technical support, a total solution approach and unparalleled quality and innovation. Our solutions include: Ductile iron access covers, gully gratings and kerbside drainage solutions Ductile iron water and sewer pipes, fittings, valves, couplings and adaptors

    Treatment Works Products/Services
    Networks - Sewerage
    RammSanderson logo

    RammSanderson

    United Kingdom

    RammSanderson is one of the fastest growing multi-disciplinary consultancies in the UK. Already partnered with some of the largest water infrastructure companies in England, RammSanderson specialises in: Ecology Flood risk management Arboriculture Habitat management Providing a pragmatic and cost-effective approach to projects on either a site-specific or framework basis, RammSanderson is founded on the principles of customer service, technical excellence, and pragmatic solution-based consulting. The company was founded in 2014 by Oliver Ramm, Nick Sanderson and Anthony Mellor, since when it has grown from strength to strength, with a diversified client portfolio spanning across infrastructure, utilities, commercial and residential sectors. Initially focusing primarily on ecology, the company has grown to encompass a wide variety of environment-based disciplines. This approach has yielded a multitude of benefits, allowing each individual discipline to effortlessly draw knowledge from a wider set of specialists while also allowing seamless delivery and straightforward accountability on more complex multidisciplinary projects.

    Designers
    Vegetation Management
    Cadman Cranes Ltd logo

    Cadman Cranes Ltd

    United Kingdom

    Cadman Cranes is a leading provider of lifting solutions in the UK with over 50 years’ experience and a reputation for quality, reliability and safety. At the very forefront of sustainability within the industry, Cadman Cranes offer responsible and collaborative turn-key solutions across all industries. From depots in Colchester and Brentwood, Cadman is ideally positioned to cover the East of England and beyond, living and breathing its mission to provide safe lifting solutions to industry and communities in a collaborate, considerate and sustainable way. Cadman has always placed great importance on delivering so much more than just crane hire. Its values are focussed on the success of its clients, its people and its community, and it takes great pride in going the extra mile on every job, no matter how big or small. Cadman Cranes add value to your hard work and offer a full-service lifting solution that goes far beyond just crane hire. It doesn’t just look for customers, it looks for partnerships based on trust, quality and safety. Services include: Contract lift services: Our complete package service is ideal for those who require a fully managed lifting solution, removing your risk and liability, and ensuring that we deal with all of the ‘heavy lifting’. Crane hire services: Cadman Cranes is the leading crane rental company in the East of England, providing crane hire across London, Essex, East Anglia, and all over the UK. With cranes available 24/7, 365 days a year, we are well positioned to keep your operations moving. Tank clearance, dredging, and grab solutions: Cadman Cranes offers innovative tank clearance solutions with our custom-designed grab attachment. The remote-controlled grab, mounted to the hooks of our mobile cranes, can reach up to 60 meters and handle a variety of materials, including sewage waste, sludge, grit, mud, and sand. This service is ideal for wastewater treatment plants, sewage facilities, digester tanks, aeration tanks, ports, and any industrial sites that require regular tank cleaning, maintenance, or dredging. Specialist lifting equipment for utility installation projects: Utilising our range of specialist lifting equipment, we have assisted on some of the most complex utility installation projects throughout the East of England, solving problems currently unimaginable by other mobile crane hire companies. Our innovative Compact Crawler Cranes, in combination with our remote-controlled telescopic hydraulic grab, have proved invaluable in providing the highest level of service and crane hire to the utilities sector. If you would like to work with Cadman Cranes or are looking to add a safe and considerate crane hire solution to your list of approved suppliers, Cadman would love to hear from you.

    Asset Maintenance & Rehabilitation
    AJ Engineering & Construction Services Ltd logo

    AJ Engineering & Construction Services Ltd

    United Kingdom

    AJ Engineering & Construction Services Ltd provide a wide spectrum of engineering services ranging from steel fabrication and CNC machining to cladding and civil engineering, with our highly experienced team we provide on-time, on-budget quality solutions. From our bases in Forres and Fort William, and a team accustomed to travel we can meet our client’s needs wherever required. Having worked on various water and wastewater treatment projects for the past 25 years we have developed a great working relationship with water companies across the UK. Our in-house capabilities allow us to offer a turnkey service to our clients from reactive maintenance and manufacturing to planned infrastructure and non-infrastructure projects. Many of the projects we undertake in the water sector are within water treatment and wastewater treatment plants where cleanliness is paramount, all our water sector site teams hold certification and Water Hygiene cards. Our range of services collated into one means that we can take on multiple discipline contracts and deliver them as one which provides our clients with a number of advantages. It removes the need to have multiple contractors on site at once. Benefits in cost savings passed down on procuring large amounts of steel for a side wide project. Little risk of dimensional discrepancies between contractors We work alongside framework delivery partners throughout the UK providing the services below; Steel portal frame buildings (design, fabrication, erection & cladding) Design, manufacture and installation of pipe bridges Design, manufacture and installation of site wide access metalwork (walkways, access stairs, ladders etc) Design, manufacture and installation of modular water buildings transportable by road. Design of various process tanks, pipework and pumps. Fabrication of tanks and pipework (stainless and carbon) Mechanical Installation Modular Treatment Buildings and Mechanical Fit-out SR2 rated steel enclosures (quicker than GRP Kiosks) We appreciate how important quality and cleanliness is in the water sector and we are proud that we have completely segregated facilities for stainless steel and carbon steel. In addition to this we are also approved under the regulations 31(4)(A) of the water supply regulations 2016 to supply stainless steel and pipework fabrications to the drinking water sector.

    Networks - Sewerage
    Asset Maintenance & Rehabilitation

    Heat Exchanger Selection for Water Duty: Plate, Shell-and-Tube, and Corrugated Tube Types

    Heat exchangers in water treatment and cooling duty are selected based on fluid characteristics, temperature range, and fouling propensity. Plate heat exchangers (PHE) offer overall heat transfer coefficients (U) of 3,000 to 7,000 W per m2 per K for clean water-to-water duty, compactness (area per unit volume 200 to 700 m2 per m3), and ease of cleaning by disassembly. Gasketed PHE are limited to 200 degrees C and 25 bar; brazed PHE to 225 degrees C and 30 bar for refrigerant duty. Shell-and-tube exchangers (TEMA types B, C, R) are preferred for fouling liquids, two-phase flow, and pressures above 30 bar, with U values of 500 to 2,500 W per m2 per K for water-to-water service.

    Fouling factors (TEMA standards) are critical for lifecycle cost: cooling water fouling factor typically 0.0001 to 0.0002 m2 K per W, adding 10 to 30 percent to required heat transfer area. Scale control by chemical dosing (anti-scalant, blowdown control to maintain LSI below 0) or electrochemical treatment reduces fouling. Corrugated tube exchangers (Vicarb, HRS types) achieve self-cleaning turbulence in the annular space at Reynolds numbers above 10,000, suitable for scaling and viscous media. Titanium tubes or plates are specified for seawater duty (chloride above 500 mg per L) or aggressive process streams; AISI 316L is suitable for fresh and low-chloride cooling water.

    Sizing parameters for a cooling water application: duty Q (kW), log mean temperature difference LMTD (degrees C), and overall U value determine required area A = Q divided by (U times LMTD). For a 500 kW duty with LMTD of 10 degrees C and U of 4,000 W per m2 per K: A = 500,000 divided by 40,000 = 12.5 m2, achieved by 80 to 100 standard plates. Pressure drop through PHE is typically 30 to 100 kPa; ensure available pump head exceeds exchanger drop plus circuit losses. Capital cost for a 500 kW gasketed PHE: $5,000 to $15,000; shell-and-tube equivalent: $15,000 to $40,000. PHE gasket replacement (every 5 to 10 years): $1,000 to $5,000 per unit.

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    Frequently Asked Questions

    When should I use a plate heat exchanger versus shell-and-tube?

    Choose plate heat exchanger (PHE) when: fluids are clean or easily cleanable (water, brines, glycol solutions), operating pressure is below 25 bar, temperature cross is required (PHE can achieve 1 to 2 degrees C approach temperature vs 5 to 10 degrees C for shell-and-tube), and compactness or weight saving is a priority. Choose shell-and-tube when: one fluid is fouling (sludge, slurries, fibrous liquids), operating pressure exceeds 25 bar, high-temperature steam (above 200 degrees C) is the heating medium, or when ASME Section VIII certified pressure vessel design is required. Shell-and-tube is also preferred in ATEX hazardous areas where gasket materials are restricted.

    What causes heat exchanger fouling and how do I prevent it?

    Fouling types and control: (1) Scale (calcium carbonate, calcium sulphate, silica) - control by maintaining Langelier Saturation Index below 0, pH below 8.5, and adding anti-scalant (threshold inhibitor) at 2 to 10 mg per L. (2) Biological fouling (biofilm) - control by maintaining free chlorine at 0.5 to 1.0 mg per L continuously or by biocide slug dosing every 2 to 4 weeks (400 to 600 mg per L chlorine for 4 to 8 hours). (3) Particulate fouling - control by upstream filtration to below 100 microns for PHE. (4) Corrosion fouling - control by material selection (titanium for seawater, 316L for freshwater). Tube-side velocities should be maintained above 1.5 m per s in shell-and-tube to prevent sedimentation.

    What materials are heat exchangers made from for water service?

    Carbon steel (SA-516 Grade 70) is the least expensive option but corrodes in all but alkaline-controlled cooling water systems and requires coating or cathodic protection for raw water service. 316L stainless steel is standard for potable water and clean process water service (chloride below 200 mg per L); above 200 mg per L chloride, pitting corrosion risk increases. Titanium Grade 2 is specified for seawater, high-chloride brines, and hypochlorite service - corrosion-resistant to all chloride concentrations and hypochlorite up to 10 mg per L free chlorine. Duplex stainless steel (2205) offers intermediate corrosion resistance at lower cost than titanium. Copper alloys (admiralty brass, cupronickel 90-10 or 70-30) are traditional for seawater condensers but banned from potable water systems due to toxicity.

    How often do heat exchangers need cleaning?

    Cleaning frequency depends on fouling rate, which varies by water chemistry and operating conditions. In controlled cooling tower circuits with good water treatment, PHE cleaning every 12 to 24 months is typical. In hard water areas without anti-scalant dosing, scale can build to significant thickness in 3 to 6 months, requiring more frequent cleaning. Shell-and-tube exchangers with tube-side fouling are cleaned chemically (acidic or alkaline CIP at 2 to 5 percent concentration) or mechanically (tube brushing, hydro-jetting at 200 to 500 bar). PHE are disassembled and plates cleaned manually or by high-pressure water jet. Chemical CIP requires complete flushing afterwards to prevent acid/alkali contamination of the water circuit. Maintain cleaning log records to track fouling trend and optimise chemical dosing programme.

    Case Study·Industrial cooling
    Challenge

    A large food processing plant in the East Midlands operated a once-through cooling system drawing from a chalk borehole with hardness of 450 mg/L as CaCO3. Three shell-and-tube heat exchangers (1.2 MW duty each) were being chemically cleaned every 3 months due to calcium carbonate scaling, at a cost of 18,000 GBP per clean including downtime. The site also had a HSE ACOP L8 Legionella audit outstanding for the cooling system.

    Approach

    Replaced the shell-and-tube units with gasketed plate heat exchangers (316L plates, EPDM gaskets) and installed a water softening system (duplex softener, 200 L/h capacity) upstream of the PHE circuit. Closed-circuit cooling was introduced by adding a cooling tower and dosing system (scale inhibitor at 5 mg/L, biocide at 600 mg/L fortnightly, blowdown control to LSI -0.2). An ACOP L8-compliant water treatment contract was established with monthly Legionella monitoring.

    Outcome

    Cleaning frequency reduced from quarterly to every 18 months. Annual cleaning cost reduced from 72,000 GBP to 18,000 GBP (net saving 54,000 GBP per year). PHE compactness freed 4 m2 of plant room space. ACOP L8 Legionella compliance achieved: no positive Legionella results in 2 years of monthly monitoring. Energy consumption of the cooling system reduced by 12 percent through optimised approach temperature.

    Questions to Ask Shortlisted Providers

    1. 1

      What are the predicted overall heat transfer coefficient (U) and fouling allowance (Rf) for our specific cooling water chemistry and temperature, and how have these been derived?

      Actual U and Rf values depend on your water's hardness, suspended solids, biological activity, and flow velocity through the exchanger. Generic TEMA fouling factors may over or underestimate the actual fouling rate for your water. Requesting a site-specific fouling factor derivation (based on water analysis and comparable reference installations) ensures the exchanger is correctly sized for the actual cleaning interval you plan to achieve.

    2. 2

      What gasket or seal material do you propose, and is it compatible with our water treatment chemicals at maximum dosing concentrations?

      PHE gaskets (EPDM, NBR, Viton) fail from chemical attack, thermal degradation, or compression set. Chlorine-based biocides above 1 mg/L continuous attack EPDM and NBR; Viton is required for higher concentrations. Confirm gasket material compatibility with every chemical in your water treatment programme (biocide, scale inhibitor, anti-corrosion) at maximum slug-dosing concentrations, not just continuous dose.

    3. 3

      What is the maximum allowable pressure drop through the exchanger at design flow, and have you modelled the impact on our pump sizing?

      PHE pressure drop (typically 30 to 100 kPa at design flow) must be provided to the pump manufacturer for correct selection. Exchangers designed with insufficient plate pass count achieve higher thermal performance but at higher pressure drop, requiring more powerful pumps. Confirm that the pump head available from the existing system (or new pump specification) exceeds the exchanger pressure drop plus all circuit losses with 10 percent margin.

    4. 4

      Do you offer a performance guarantee for fouling rate and thermal performance over a specified service period, and will you provide CIP procedure and cleaning chemical compatibility confirmation?

      A guarantee on thermal performance after 12 months of operation (e.g., U-value not below 80 percent of clean condition) aligned to your planned water treatment programme provides assurance that the exchanger is correctly sized and that the water treatment chemistry is compatible. The CIP procedure must specify acid concentration, temperature, contact time, and neutralisation before confirming it is compatible with the exchanger plate and gasket materials.

    5. 5

      What is your ACOP L8 compliance approach for this heat exchanger installation, and do you offer a Legionella risk assessment update as part of the project scope?

      Any modification to a cooling water system in a commercial or industrial building requires an update to the Legionella risk assessment under HSE ACOP L8. The heat exchanger supplier who also understands L8 compliance (dead-leg elimination, flow velocity above 0.3 m/s in all passages, temperature monitoring, chemical treatment compatibility) can integrate design and compliance in a single scope, reducing the risk of an L8 non-conformance at the post-installation audit.

    What Drives Cost in This Category

    PHE versus shell-and-tube for equivalent duty

    For a 500 kW clean-water-to-water duty, gasketed PHE costs 5,000 to 15,000 GBP versus shell-and-tube at 15,000 to 40,000 GBP. PHE's 5 to 10 times higher U value reduces required area by 70 to 80 percent, dramatically reducing material and footprint cost. Shell-and-tube remains cost-competitive at pressures above 25 bar or for two-phase, fouling, or viscous fluids where PHE cannot operate.

    Plate and frame material grade

    Stainless 304 plates are 20 to 30 percent cheaper than 316L but inadequate above 200 mg/L chloride. Titanium plates are 3 to 5 times the cost of 316L and reserved for seawater or chloride above 500 mg/L. Over-specifying titanium for standard cooling tower circuits adds 40,000 to 100,000 GBP per exchanger without performance benefit. Match material grade to actual chloride content and free chlorine concentration.

    Gasket replacement frequency

    Gasketed PHE gaskets (EPDM, 500 to 2,000 GBP per set) should be replaced every 5 to 10 years or whenever the exchanger is disassembled for cleaning. Brazed PHE (no gaskets) costs 30 to 50 percent more upfront but eliminates gasket replacement cost. For systems with high-frequency cleaning (quarterly or more), brazed or fully welded PHE is more economical over a 10-year lifecycle.

    Upstream water treatment to control fouling

    Installing water softening or anti-scalant dosing upstream of heat exchangers in hard water areas (hardness above 250 mg/L CaCO3) reduces cleaning frequency from quarterly to 12 to 24 months. Water softening plant costs 8,000 to 30,000 GBP installed, with 2 to 5 year payback against cleaning cost savings alone. The secondary benefit (extended gasket and plate life, reduced energy loss through scale insulation) typically brings payback below 2 years.

    Key Regulations & Standards

    HSE ACOP L8 -- Legionella Risk Assessment for Heat Exchange Systems

    Any heat exchanger forming part of a water system where water is stored or recirculated at 20 to 45 degrees C and where aerosols could be inhaled (cooling towers, evaporative condensers, process cooling circuits) must be included in the building's Legionella risk assessment under ACOP L8. The risk assessment must be conducted by a competent person, reviewed when the system is modified, and reviewed at a minimum every 2 years. Control measures include temperature management, biocide treatment, and inspection schedules.

    HSG274 Part 1 -- Evaporative Cooling Systems

    HSE guidance HSG274 Part 1 provides detailed guidance on the control of Legionella in evaporative cooling systems (cooling towers, evaporative condensers). It specifies: minimum blowdown rates to control TDS and biological load, biocide programmes (oxidising and non-oxidising), monthly Legionella monitoring by culture (7-day ISO 11731 method), and notification to the local authority of new or recommissioned cooling towers under the Notification of Cooling Towers and Evaporative Condensers Regulations 1992.

    Pressure Systems Safety Regulations 2000 (PSSR) -- Heat Exchangers as Pressure Systems

    Shell-and-tube heat exchangers above the PSSR 2000 pressure-volume threshold require a Written Scheme of Examination (WSE) and periodic statutory inspection by a competent person. The WSE specifies the inspection frequency (typically 14 to 26 months for water-service shell-and-tube exchangers) and the inspection methodology. Failure to maintain a WSE and inspection programme is a criminal offence under PSSR 2000. Gasketed PHE at typical water system pressures (below 10 bar) are frequently below the PSSR threshold but must be assessed against it.

    Environmental Permitting Regulations 2016 -- Blowdown Discharge Consent

    Cooling tower blowdown water (high TDS, biocides, corrosion inhibitors) must not be discharged to a watercourse without a Discharge Consent under the Environmental Permitting Regulations 2016. Discharge to foul sewer requires Trade Effluent Consent under the Water Industry Act 1991. Biocide concentrations (quaternary ammonium compounds, isothiazolinone) in blowdown may require dilution or treatment before discharge. Confirm the approved disposal route for blowdown before the water treatment chemistry is selected.

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